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- the Java I2P router and i2pd are the two routers have been heavily tested with Bitcoin Core and are what people and node software packages use - i2p-zero (https://github.com/i2p-zero/i2p-zero) hasn't been updated since July 2021 and its last release was in December 2020 - the other routers in the wikipedia page are niche
169 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
169 lines
6.9 KiB
Markdown
# I2P support in Bitcoin Core
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It is possible to run Bitcoin Core as an
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[I2P (Invisible Internet Project)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2P)
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service and connect to such services.
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This [glossary](https://geti2p.net/en/about/glossary) may be useful to get
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started with I2P terminology.
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## Run Bitcoin Core with an I2P router (proxy)
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A running I2P router (proxy) is required with the [SAM](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/api/samv3)
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application bridge enabled. The following routers are recommended for use with Bitcoin Core:
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- [i2prouter (I2P Router)](https://geti2p.net), the official implementation in
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Java. The SAM bridge is not enabled by default; it must be started manually,
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or configured to start automatically, in the Clients page in the
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router console (`http://127.0.0.1:7657/configclients`) or in the `clients.config` file.
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- [i2pd (I2P Daemon)](https://github.com/PurpleI2P/i2pd)
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([documentation](https://i2pd.readthedocs.io/en/latest)), a lighter
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alternative in C++. It enables the SAM bridge by default.
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Note the IP address and port the SAM proxy is listening to; usually, it is
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`127.0.0.1:7656`.
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Once an I2P router with SAM enabled is up and running, use the following Bitcoin
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Core configuration options:
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```
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-i2psam=<ip:port>
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I2P SAM proxy to reach I2P peers and accept I2P connections (default:
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none)
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-i2pacceptincoming
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Whether to accept inbound I2P connections (default: 1). Ignored if
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-i2psam is not set. Listening for inbound I2P connections is
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done through the SAM proxy, not by binding to a local address and
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port.
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```
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In a typical situation, this suffices:
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```
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bitcoind -i2psam=127.0.0.1:7656
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```
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## Additional configuration options related to I2P
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```
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-debug=i2p
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```
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Set the `debug=i2p` config logging option to see additional information in the
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debug log about your I2P configuration and connections. Run `bitcoin-cli help
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logging` for more information.
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```
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-onlynet=i2p
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```
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Make automatic outbound connections only to I2P addresses. Inbound and manual
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connections are not affected by this option. It can be specified multiple times
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to allow multiple networks, e.g. onlynet=onion, onlynet=i2p.
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I2P support was added to Bitcoin Core in version 22.0 and there may be fewer I2P
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peers than Tor or IP ones. Therefore, using I2P alone without other networks may
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make a node more susceptible to [Sybil
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attacks](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Weaknesses#Sybil_attack). You can use
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`bitcoin-cli -addrinfo` to see the number of I2P addresses known to your node.
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Another consideration with `onlynet=i2p` is that the initial blocks download
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phase when syncing up a new node can be very slow. This phase can be sped up by
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using other networks, for instance `onlynet=onion`, at the same time.
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In general, a node can be run with both onion and I2P hidden services (or
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any/all of IPv4/IPv6/onion/I2P/CJDNS), which can provide a potential fallback if
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one of the networks has issues.
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## Persistent vs transient I2P addresses
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The first time Bitcoin Core connects to the I2P router, it automatically
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generates a persistent I2P address and its corresponding private key by default
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or if `-i2pacceptincoming=1` is set. The private key is saved in a file named
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`i2p_private_key` in the Bitcoin Core data directory. The persistent I2P
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address is used for making outbound connections and accepting inbound
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connections.
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In the I2P network, the receiver of an inbound connection sees the address of
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the initiator. This is unlike the Tor network, where the recipient does not
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know who is connecting to it.
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If your node is configured by setting `-i2pacceptincoming=0` to not accept
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inbound I2P connections, then it will use a random transient I2P address for
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itself on each outbound connection to make it harder to discriminate,
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fingerprint or analyze it based on its I2P address.
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I2P addresses are designed to be long-lived. Waiting for tunnels to be built
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for every peer connection adds delay to connection setup time. Therefore, I2P
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listening should only be turned off if really needed.
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## Fetching I2P-related information from Bitcoin Core
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There are several ways to see your I2P address in Bitcoin Core if accepting
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incoming I2P connections (`-i2pacceptincoming`):
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- in the "Local addresses" output of CLI `-netinfo`
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- in the "localaddresses" output of RPC `getnetworkinfo`
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- in the debug log (grep for `AddLocal`; the I2P address ends in `.b32.i2p`)
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To see which I2P peers your node is connected to, use `bitcoin-cli -netinfo 4`
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or the `getpeerinfo` RPC (e.g. `bitcoin-cli getpeerinfo`).
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You can use the `getnodeaddresses` RPC to fetch a number of I2P peers known to your node; run `bitcoin-cli help getnodeaddresses` for details.
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## Compatibility
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Bitcoin Core uses the [SAM v3.1](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/api/samv3) protocol
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to connect to the I2P network. Any I2P router that supports it can be used.
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## Ports in I2P and Bitcoin Core
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One particularity of SAM v3.1 is that it does not support ports,
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unlike newer versions of SAM (v3.2 and up) that do support them and default the
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port numbers to 0. From the point of view of peers that use newer versions of
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SAM or other protocols that support ports, a SAM v3.1 peer is connecting to them
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on port 0, from source port 0.
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To allow future upgrades to newer versions of SAM, Bitcoin Core sets its
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listening port to 0 when listening for incoming I2P connections and advertises
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its own I2P address with port 0. Furthermore, it will not attempt to connect to
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I2P addresses with a non-zero port number because with SAM v3.1 the destination
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port (`TO_PORT`) is always set to 0 and is not in the control of Bitcoin Core.
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## Bandwidth
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By default, your node shares bandwidth and transit tunnels with the I2P network
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in order to increase your anonymity with cover traffic, help the I2P router used
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by your node integrate optimally with the network, and give back to the network.
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It's important that the nodes of a popular application like Bitcoin contribute
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as much to the I2P network as they consume.
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It is possible, though strongly discouraged, to change your I2P router
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configuration to limit the amount of I2P traffic relayed by your node.
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With `i2pd`, this can be done by adjusting the `bandwidth`, `share` and
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`transittunnels` options in your `i2pd.conf` file. For example, to limit total
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I2P traffic to 256KB/s and share 50% of this limit for a maximum of 20 transit
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tunnels:
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```
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bandwidth = 256
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share = 50
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[limits]
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transittunnels = 20
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```
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Similar bandwidth configuration options for the Java I2P router can be found in
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`http://127.0.0.1:7657/config` under the "Bandwidth" tab.
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Before doing this, please see the "Participating Traffic Considerations" section
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in [Embedding I2P in your Application](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/applications/embedding).
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In most cases, the default router settings should work fine.
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## Bundling I2P in a Bitcoin application
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Please see the "General Guidance for Developers" section in https://geti2p.net/en/docs/api/samv3
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if you are developing a downstream application that may be bundling I2P with Bitcoin.
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