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doc: Mention multipath specifier

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Ava Chow 2024-08-07 16:29:25 -04:00
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doc/descriptors.md
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@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ Descriptors consist of several types of expressions. The top level expression is
- [WIF](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Wallet_import_format) encoded private keys may be specified instead of the corresponding public key, with the same meaning.
- `xpub` encoded extended public key or `xprv` encoded extended private key (as defined in [BIP 32](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki)).
- Followed by zero or more `/NUM` unhardened and `/NUM'` hardened BIP32 derivation steps.
- No more than one of these derivation steps may be of the form `<NUM;NUM;...;NUM>` (including hardened indicators with either or both `NUM`). If such specifiers are included, the descriptor will be parsed as multiple descriptors where the first descriptor uses all of the first `NUM` in the pair, and the second descriptor uses the second `NUM` in the pair for all `KEY` expressions, and so on.
- Optionally followed by a single `/*` or `/*'` final step to denote all (direct) unhardened or hardened children.
- The usage of hardened derivation steps requires providing the private key.
@ -256,6 +257,30 @@ Note how the first key is an xprv private key with a specific derivation path,
while the other two are public keys.
### Specifying receiving and change descriptors in one descriptor
Since receiving and change addresses are frequently derived from the same
extended key(s) but with a single derivation index changed, it is convenient
to be able to specify a descriptor that can derive at the two different
indexes. Thus a single tuple of indexes is allowed in each derivation path
following the extended key. When this descriptor is parsed, multiple descriptors
will be produced, the first one will use the first index in the tuple for all
key expressions, the second will use the second index, the third will use the
third index, and so on..
For example, a descriptor of the form:
multi(2,xpub.../<0;1;2>/0/*,xpub.../<2;3;4>/*)
will expand to the two descriptors
multi(2,xpub.../0/0/*,xpub.../2/*)
multi(2,xpub.../1/0/*,xpub.../3/*)
multi(2,xpub.../2/0/*,xpub.../4*)
When this tuple contains only two elements, wallet implementations can use the
first descriptor for receiving addresses and the second descriptor for change addresses.
### Compatibility with old wallets
In order to easily represent the sets of scripts currently supported by