mirror of
https://github.com/bitcoin/bips.git
synced 2025-01-19 05:45:07 +01:00
118 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
118 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
# Wordlists
|
|
|
|
* [English](english.txt)
|
|
* [Japanese](japanese.txt)
|
|
* [Korean](korean.txt)
|
|
* [Spanish](spanish.txt)
|
|
* [Chinese (Simplified)](chinese_simplified.txt)
|
|
* [Chinese (Traditional)](chinese_traditional.txt)
|
|
* [French](french.txt)
|
|
* [Italian](italian.txt)
|
|
* [Czech](czech.txt)
|
|
* [Portuguese](portuguese.txt)
|
|
|
|
## Wordlists (Special Considerations)
|
|
|
|
### Japanese
|
|
|
|
1. **Developers implementing phrase generation or checksum verification must separate words using ideographic spaces / accommodate users inputting ideographic spaces.**
|
|
(UTF-8 bytes: **0xE38080**; C/C+/Java: **"\u3000"**; Python: **u"\u3000"**)
|
|
However, code that only accepts Japanese phrases but does not generate or verify them should be fine as is.
|
|
This is because when generating the seed, normalization as per the spec will
|
|
automatically change the ideographic spaces into normal ASCII spaces, so as long as your code never shows the user an ASCII space
|
|
separated phrase or tries to split the phrase input by the user, dealing with ASCII or Ideographic space is the same.
|
|
|
|
2. Word-wrapping doesn't work well, so making sure that words only word-wrap at one of the
|
|
ideographic spaces may be a necessary step. As a long word split in two could be mistaken easily
|
|
for two smaller words (This would be a problem with any of the 3 character sets in Japanese)
|
|
|
|
### Spanish
|
|
|
|
1. Words can be uniquely determined typing the first 4 characters (sometimes less).
|
|
|
|
2. Special Spanish characters like 'ñ', 'ü', 'á', etc... are considered equal to 'n', 'u', 'a', etc... in terms of identifying a word. Therefore, there is no need to use a Spanish keyboard to introduce the passphrase, an application with the Spanish wordlist will be able to identify the words after the first 4 chars have been typed even if the chars with accents have been replaced with the equivalent without accents.
|
|
|
|
3. There are no words in common between the Spanish wordlist and any other language wordlist, therefore it is possible to detect the language with just one word.
|
|
|
|
### Chinese
|
|
|
|
1. Chinese text typically does not use any spaces as word separators. For the sake of
|
|
uniformity, we propose to use normal ASCII spaces (0x20) to separate words as per standard.
|
|
|
|
### French
|
|
|
|
Credits: @Kirvx @NicolasDorier @ecdsa @EricLarch
|
|
([The pull request](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/issues/152))
|
|
|
|
1. High priority on simple and common French words.
|
|
2. Only words with 5-8 letters.
|
|
3. A word is fully recognizable by typing the first 4 letters (special French characters "é-è" are considered equal to "e", for example "museau" and "musée" can not be together).
|
|
4. Only infinitive verbs, adjectives and nouns.
|
|
5. No pronouns, no adverbs, no prepositions, no conjunctions, no interjections (unless a noun/adjective is also popular than its interjection like "mince;chouette").
|
|
6. No numeral adjectives.
|
|
7. No words in the plural (except invariable words like "univers", or same spelling than singular like "heureux").
|
|
8. No female adjectives (except words with same spelling for male and female adjectives like "magique").
|
|
9. No words with several senses AND different spelling in speaking like "verre-vert", unless a word has a meaning much more popular than another like "perle" and "pairle".
|
|
10. No very similar words with 1 letter of difference.
|
|
11. No essentially reflexive verbs (unless a verb is also a noun like "souvenir").
|
|
12. No words with "ô;â;ç;ê;œ;æ;î;ï;û;ù;à;ë;ÿ".
|
|
13. No words ending by "é;ée;è;et;ai;ait".
|
|
14. No demonyms.
|
|
15. No words in conflict with the spelling corrections of 1990 (http://goo.gl/Y8DU4z).
|
|
16. No embarrassing words (in a very, very large scope) or belonging to a particular religion.
|
|
17. No identical words with the Spanish wordlist (as Y75QMO wants).
|
|
|
|
### Italian
|
|
|
|
Credits: @paoloaga @Polve
|
|
|
|
Words chosen using the following rules:
|
|
|
|
1. Simple and common Italian words.
|
|
2. Length between 4 and 8 characters.
|
|
3. First 4 letters must be unique between all words.
|
|
4. No accents or special characters.
|
|
5. No complex verb forms.
|
|
6. No plural words.
|
|
7. No words that remind negative/sad/bad things.
|
|
8. If both female/male words are available, choose male version.
|
|
9. No words with double vocals (like: lineetta).
|
|
10. No words already used in other language mnemonic sets.
|
|
11. If 3 of the first 4 letters are already used in the same sequence in another mnemonic word, there must be at least other 3 different letters.
|
|
12. If 3 of the first 4 letters are already used in the same sequence in another mnemonic word, there must not be the same sequence of 3 or more letters.
|
|
|
|
Rules 11 and 12 prevent the selection words that are not different enough. This makes each word more recognizable among others and less error prone. For example: the wordlist contains "atono", then "atomo" is rejected, but "atomico" is good.
|
|
|
|
All the words have been manually selected and automatically checked against the rules.
|
|
|
|
### Czech
|
|
|
|
Credits: @zizelevak (Jan Lansky zizelevak@gmail.com)
|
|
|
|
Words chosen using the following rules:
|
|
|
|
1. Words are 4-8 letters long.
|
|
2. Words can be uniquely determined typing the first 4 letters.
|
|
3. Only words containing all letters without diacritical marks. (It was the hardest task, because in one third of all Czech letters has diacritical marks.)
|
|
4. Only nouns, verbs and adverbs, no other word types. All words are in basic form.
|
|
5. No personal names or geographical names.
|
|
6. No very similar words with 1 letter of difference.
|
|
7. Words are sorting according English alphabet (Czech sorting has difference in "ch").
|
|
8. No words already used in other language mnemonic sets (english, italian, french, spanish). Letters with diacritical marks from these sets are counted as analogous letters without diacritical marks.
|
|
|
|
### Portuguese
|
|
|
|
Credits: @alegotardo @bitmover-studio @brenorb @kuthullu @ninjastic @sabotag3x @Trimegistus
|
|
|
|
1. Words can be uniquely determined typing the first 4 characters.
|
|
2. No accents or special characters.
|
|
3. No complex verb forms.
|
|
4. No plural words, unless there's no singular form.
|
|
5. No words with double spelling.
|
|
6. No words with the exact sound of another word with different spelling.
|
|
7. No offensive words.
|
|
8. No words already used in other language mnemonic sets.
|
|
9. The words which have not the same spelling in Brazil and in Portugal are excluded.
|
|
10. No words that remind negative/sad/bad things.
|
|
11. No very similar words with 1 letter of difference.
|