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fdc2bc867b
btcd/txscript/opcode.go
Dave Collins fdc2bc867b
txscript: Significantly improve errors. 
This converts the majority of script errors from generic errors created
via errors.New and fmt.Errorf to use a concrete type that implements the
error interface with an error code and description.

This allows callers to programmatically detect the type of error via
type assertions and an error code while still allowing the errors to
provide more context.

For example, instead of just having an error the reads "disabled opcode"
as would happen prior to these changes when a disabled opcode is
encountered, the error will now read "attempt to execute disabled opcode
OP_FOO".

While it was previously possible to programmatically detect many errors
due to them being exported, they provided no additional context and
there were also various instances that were just returning errors
created on the spot which callers could not reliably detect without
resorting to looking at the actual error message, which is nearly always
bad practice.

Also, while here, export the MaxStackSize and MaxScriptSize constants
since they can be useful for consumers of the package and perform some
minor cleanup of some of the tests.
2017-01-12 13:12:39 -06:00

2356 lines
79 KiB
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// Copyright (c) 2013-2017 The btcsuite developers
// Use of this source code is governed by an ISC
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package txscript
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/sha1"
"crypto/sha256"
"encoding/binary"
"fmt"
"hash"
"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec"
"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/chaincfg/chainhash"
"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/wire"
"github.com/btcsuite/golangcrypto/ripemd160"
)
// An opcode defines the information related to a txscript opcode. opfunc, if
// present, is the function to call to perform the opcode on the script. The
// current script is passed in as a slice with the first member being the opcode
// itself.
type opcode struct {
value byte
name string
length int
opfunc func(*parsedOpcode, *Engine) error
}
// These constants are the values of the official opcodes used on the btc wiki,
// in bitcoin core and in most if not all other references and software related
// to handling BTC scripts.
const (
OP_0 = 0x00 // 0
OP_FALSE = 0x00 // 0 - AKA OP_0
OP_DATA_1 = 0x01 // 1
OP_DATA_2 = 0x02 // 2
OP_DATA_3 = 0x03 // 3
OP_DATA_4 = 0x04 // 4
OP_DATA_5 = 0x05 // 5
OP_DATA_6 = 0x06 // 6
OP_DATA_7 = 0x07 // 7
OP_DATA_8 = 0x08 // 8
OP_DATA_9 = 0x09 // 9
OP_DATA_10 = 0x0a // 10
OP_DATA_11 = 0x0b // 11
OP_DATA_12 = 0x0c // 12
OP_DATA_13 = 0x0d // 13
OP_DATA_14 = 0x0e // 14
OP_DATA_15 = 0x0f // 15
OP_DATA_16 = 0x10 // 16
OP_DATA_17 = 0x11 // 17
OP_DATA_18 = 0x12 // 18
OP_DATA_19 = 0x13 // 19
OP_DATA_20 = 0x14 // 20
OP_DATA_21 = 0x15 // 21
OP_DATA_22 = 0x16 // 22
OP_DATA_23 = 0x17 // 23
OP_DATA_24 = 0x18 // 24
OP_DATA_25 = 0x19 // 25
OP_DATA_26 = 0x1a // 26
OP_DATA_27 = 0x1b // 27
OP_DATA_28 = 0x1c // 28
OP_DATA_29 = 0x1d // 29
OP_DATA_30 = 0x1e // 30
OP_DATA_31 = 0x1f // 31
OP_DATA_32 = 0x20 // 32
OP_DATA_33 = 0x21 // 33
OP_DATA_34 = 0x22 // 34
OP_DATA_35 = 0x23 // 35
OP_DATA_36 = 0x24 // 36
OP_DATA_37 = 0x25 // 37
OP_DATA_38 = 0x26 // 38
OP_DATA_39 = 0x27 // 39
OP_DATA_40 = 0x28 // 40
OP_DATA_41 = 0x29 // 41
OP_DATA_42 = 0x2a // 42
OP_DATA_43 = 0x2b // 43
OP_DATA_44 = 0x2c // 44
OP_DATA_45 = 0x2d // 45
OP_DATA_46 = 0x2e // 46
OP_DATA_47 = 0x2f // 47
OP_DATA_48 = 0x30 // 48
OP_DATA_49 = 0x31 // 49
OP_DATA_50 = 0x32 // 50
OP_DATA_51 = 0x33 // 51
OP_DATA_52 = 0x34 // 52
OP_DATA_53 = 0x35 // 53
OP_DATA_54 = 0x36 // 54
OP_DATA_55 = 0x37 // 55
OP_DATA_56 = 0x38 // 56
OP_DATA_57 = 0x39 // 57
OP_DATA_58 = 0x3a // 58
OP_DATA_59 = 0x3b // 59
OP_DATA_60 = 0x3c // 60
OP_DATA_61 = 0x3d // 61
OP_DATA_62 = 0x3e // 62
OP_DATA_63 = 0x3f // 63
OP_DATA_64 = 0x40 // 64
OP_DATA_65 = 0x41 // 65
OP_DATA_66 = 0x42 // 66
OP_DATA_67 = 0x43 // 67
OP_DATA_68 = 0x44 // 68
OP_DATA_69 = 0x45 // 69
OP_DATA_70 = 0x46 // 70
OP_DATA_71 = 0x47 // 71
OP_DATA_72 = 0x48 // 72
OP_DATA_73 = 0x49 // 73
OP_DATA_74 = 0x4a // 74
OP_DATA_75 = 0x4b // 75
OP_PUSHDATA1 = 0x4c // 76
OP_PUSHDATA2 = 0x4d // 77
OP_PUSHDATA4 = 0x4e // 78
OP_1NEGATE = 0x4f // 79
OP_RESERVED = 0x50 // 80
OP_1 = 0x51 // 81 - AKA OP_TRUE
OP_TRUE = 0x51 // 81
OP_2 = 0x52 // 82
OP_3 = 0x53 // 83
OP_4 = 0x54 // 84
OP_5 = 0x55 // 85
OP_6 = 0x56 // 86
OP_7 = 0x57 // 87
OP_8 = 0x58 // 88
OP_9 = 0x59 // 89
OP_10 = 0x5a // 90
OP_11 = 0x5b // 91
OP_12 = 0x5c // 92
OP_13 = 0x5d // 93
OP_14 = 0x5e // 94
OP_15 = 0x5f // 95
OP_16 = 0x60 // 96
OP_NOP = 0x61 // 97
OP_VER = 0x62 // 98
OP_IF = 0x63 // 99
OP_NOTIF = 0x64 // 100
OP_VERIF = 0x65 // 101
OP_VERNOTIF = 0x66 // 102
OP_ELSE = 0x67 // 103
OP_ENDIF = 0x68 // 104
OP_VERIFY = 0x69 // 105
OP_RETURN = 0x6a // 106
OP_TOALTSTACK = 0x6b // 107
OP_FROMALTSTACK = 0x6c // 108
OP_2DROP = 0x6d // 109
OP_2DUP = 0x6e // 110
OP_3DUP = 0x6f // 111
OP_2OVER = 0x70 // 112
OP_2ROT = 0x71 // 113
OP_2SWAP = 0x72 // 114
OP_IFDUP = 0x73 // 115
OP_DEPTH = 0x74 // 116
OP_DROP = 0x75 // 117
OP_DUP = 0x76 // 118
OP_NIP = 0x77 // 119
OP_OVER = 0x78 // 120
OP_PICK = 0x79 // 121
OP_ROLL = 0x7a // 122
OP_ROT = 0x7b // 123
OP_SWAP = 0x7c // 124
OP_TUCK = 0x7d // 125
OP_CAT = 0x7e // 126
OP_SUBSTR = 0x7f // 127
OP_LEFT = 0x80 // 128
OP_RIGHT = 0x81 // 129
OP_SIZE = 0x82 // 130
OP_INVERT = 0x83 // 131
OP_AND = 0x84 // 132
OP_OR = 0x85 // 133
OP_XOR = 0x86 // 134
OP_EQUAL = 0x87 // 135
OP_EQUALVERIFY = 0x88 // 136
OP_RESERVED1 = 0x89 // 137
OP_RESERVED2 = 0x8a // 138
OP_1ADD = 0x8b // 139
OP_1SUB = 0x8c // 140
OP_2MUL = 0x8d // 141
OP_2DIV = 0x8e // 142
OP_NEGATE = 0x8f // 143
OP_ABS = 0x90 // 144
OP_NOT = 0x91 // 145
OP_0NOTEQUAL = 0x92 // 146
OP_ADD = 0x93 // 147
OP_SUB = 0x94 // 148
OP_MUL = 0x95 // 149
OP_DIV = 0x96 // 150
OP_MOD = 0x97 // 151
OP_LSHIFT = 0x98 // 152
OP_RSHIFT = 0x99 // 153
OP_BOOLAND = 0x9a // 154
OP_BOOLOR = 0x9b // 155
OP_NUMEQUAL = 0x9c // 156
OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY = 0x9d // 157
OP_NUMNOTEQUAL = 0x9e // 158
OP_LESSTHAN = 0x9f // 159
OP_GREATERTHAN = 0xa0 // 160
OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL = 0xa1 // 161
OP_GREATERTHANOREQUAL = 0xa2 // 162
OP_MIN = 0xa3 // 163
OP_MAX = 0xa4 // 164
OP_WITHIN = 0xa5 // 165
OP_RIPEMD160 = 0xa6 // 166
OP_SHA1 = 0xa7 // 167
OP_SHA256 = 0xa8 // 168
OP_HASH160 = 0xa9 // 169
OP_HASH256 = 0xaa // 170
OP_CODESEPARATOR = 0xab // 171
OP_CHECKSIG = 0xac // 172
OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY = 0xad // 173
OP_CHECKMULTISIG = 0xae // 174
OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY = 0xaf // 175
OP_NOP1 = 0xb0 // 176
OP_NOP2 = 0xb1 // 177
OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY = 0xb1 // 177 - AKA OP_NOP2
OP_NOP3 = 0xb2 // 178
OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY = 0xb2 // 178 - AKA OP_NOP3
OP_NOP4 = 0xb3 // 179
OP_NOP5 = 0xb4 // 180
OP_NOP6 = 0xb5 // 181
OP_NOP7 = 0xb6 // 182
OP_NOP8 = 0xb7 // 183
OP_NOP9 = 0xb8 // 184
OP_NOP10 = 0xb9 // 185
OP_UNKNOWN186 = 0xba // 186
OP_UNKNOWN187 = 0xbb // 187
OP_UNKNOWN188 = 0xbc // 188
OP_UNKNOWN189 = 0xbd // 189
OP_UNKNOWN190 = 0xbe // 190
OP_UNKNOWN191 = 0xbf // 191
OP_UNKNOWN192 = 0xc0 // 192
OP_UNKNOWN193 = 0xc1 // 193
OP_UNKNOWN194 = 0xc2 // 194
OP_UNKNOWN195 = 0xc3 // 195
OP_UNKNOWN196 = 0xc4 // 196
OP_UNKNOWN197 = 0xc5 // 197
OP_UNKNOWN198 = 0xc6 // 198
OP_UNKNOWN199 = 0xc7 // 199
OP_UNKNOWN200 = 0xc8 // 200
OP_UNKNOWN201 = 0xc9 // 201
OP_UNKNOWN202 = 0xca // 202
OP_UNKNOWN203 = 0xcb // 203
OP_UNKNOWN204 = 0xcc // 204
OP_UNKNOWN205 = 0xcd // 205
OP_UNKNOWN206 = 0xce // 206
OP_UNKNOWN207 = 0xcf // 207
OP_UNKNOWN208 = 0xd0 // 208
OP_UNKNOWN209 = 0xd1 // 209
OP_UNKNOWN210 = 0xd2 // 210
OP_UNKNOWN211 = 0xd3 // 211
OP_UNKNOWN212 = 0xd4 // 212
OP_UNKNOWN213 = 0xd5 // 213
OP_UNKNOWN214 = 0xd6 // 214
OP_UNKNOWN215 = 0xd7 // 215
OP_UNKNOWN216 = 0xd8 // 216
OP_UNKNOWN217 = 0xd9 // 217
OP_UNKNOWN218 = 0xda // 218
OP_UNKNOWN219 = 0xdb // 219
OP_UNKNOWN220 = 0xdc // 220
OP_UNKNOWN221 = 0xdd // 221
OP_UNKNOWN222 = 0xde // 222
OP_UNKNOWN223 = 0xdf // 223
OP_UNKNOWN224 = 0xe0 // 224
OP_UNKNOWN225 = 0xe1 // 225
OP_UNKNOWN226 = 0xe2 // 226
OP_UNKNOWN227 = 0xe3 // 227
OP_UNKNOWN228 = 0xe4 // 228
OP_UNKNOWN229 = 0xe5 // 229
OP_UNKNOWN230 = 0xe6 // 230
OP_UNKNOWN231 = 0xe7 // 231
OP_UNKNOWN232 = 0xe8 // 232
OP_UNKNOWN233 = 0xe9 // 233
OP_UNKNOWN234 = 0xea // 234
OP_UNKNOWN235 = 0xeb // 235
OP_UNKNOWN236 = 0xec // 236
OP_UNKNOWN237 = 0xed // 237
OP_UNKNOWN238 = 0xee // 238
OP_UNKNOWN239 = 0xef // 239
OP_UNKNOWN240 = 0xf0 // 240
OP_UNKNOWN241 = 0xf1 // 241
OP_UNKNOWN242 = 0xf2 // 242
OP_UNKNOWN243 = 0xf3 // 243
OP_UNKNOWN244 = 0xf4 // 244
OP_UNKNOWN245 = 0xf5 // 245
OP_UNKNOWN246 = 0xf6 // 246
OP_UNKNOWN247 = 0xf7 // 247
OP_UNKNOWN248 = 0xf8 // 248
OP_UNKNOWN249 = 0xf9 // 249
OP_SMALLINTEGER = 0xfa // 250 - bitcoin core internal
OP_PUBKEYS = 0xfb // 251 - bitcoin core internal
OP_UNKNOWN252 = 0xfc // 252
OP_PUBKEYHASH = 0xfd // 253 - bitcoin core internal
OP_PUBKEY = 0xfe // 254 - bitcoin core internal
OP_INVALIDOPCODE = 0xff // 255 - bitcoin core internal
)
// Conditional execution constants.
const (
OpCondFalse = 0
OpCondTrue = 1
OpCondSkip = 2
)
// opcodeArray holds details about all possible opcodes such as how many bytes
// the opcode and any associated data should take, its human-readable name, and
// the handler function.
var opcodeArray = [256]opcode{
// Data push opcodes.
OP_FALSE: {OP_FALSE, "OP_0", 1, opcodeFalse},
OP_DATA_1: {OP_DATA_1, "OP_DATA_1", 2, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_2: {OP_DATA_2, "OP_DATA_2", 3, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_3: {OP_DATA_3, "OP_DATA_3", 4, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_4: {OP_DATA_4, "OP_DATA_4", 5, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_5: {OP_DATA_5, "OP_DATA_5", 6, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_6: {OP_DATA_6, "OP_DATA_6", 7, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_7: {OP_DATA_7, "OP_DATA_7", 8, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_8: {OP_DATA_8, "OP_DATA_8", 9, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_9: {OP_DATA_9, "OP_DATA_9", 10, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_10: {OP_DATA_10, "OP_DATA_10", 11, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_11: {OP_DATA_11, "OP_DATA_11", 12, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_12: {OP_DATA_12, "OP_DATA_12", 13, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_13: {OP_DATA_13, "OP_DATA_13", 14, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_14: {OP_DATA_14, "OP_DATA_14", 15, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_15: {OP_DATA_15, "OP_DATA_15", 16, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_16: {OP_DATA_16, "OP_DATA_16", 17, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_17: {OP_DATA_17, "OP_DATA_17", 18, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_18: {OP_DATA_18, "OP_DATA_18", 19, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_19: {OP_DATA_19, "OP_DATA_19", 20, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_20: {OP_DATA_20, "OP_DATA_20", 21, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_21: {OP_DATA_21, "OP_DATA_21", 22, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_22: {OP_DATA_22, "OP_DATA_22", 23, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_23: {OP_DATA_23, "OP_DATA_23", 24, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_24: {OP_DATA_24, "OP_DATA_24", 25, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_25: {OP_DATA_25, "OP_DATA_25", 26, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_26: {OP_DATA_26, "OP_DATA_26", 27, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_27: {OP_DATA_27, "OP_DATA_27", 28, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_28: {OP_DATA_28, "OP_DATA_28", 29, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_29: {OP_DATA_29, "OP_DATA_29", 30, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_30: {OP_DATA_30, "OP_DATA_30", 31, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_31: {OP_DATA_31, "OP_DATA_31", 32, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_32: {OP_DATA_32, "OP_DATA_32", 33, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_33: {OP_DATA_33, "OP_DATA_33", 34, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_34: {OP_DATA_34, "OP_DATA_34", 35, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_35: {OP_DATA_35, "OP_DATA_35", 36, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_36: {OP_DATA_36, "OP_DATA_36", 37, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_37: {OP_DATA_37, "OP_DATA_37", 38, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_38: {OP_DATA_38, "OP_DATA_38", 39, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_39: {OP_DATA_39, "OP_DATA_39", 40, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_40: {OP_DATA_40, "OP_DATA_40", 41, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_41: {OP_DATA_41, "OP_DATA_41", 42, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_42: {OP_DATA_42, "OP_DATA_42", 43, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_43: {OP_DATA_43, "OP_DATA_43", 44, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_44: {OP_DATA_44, "OP_DATA_44", 45, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_45: {OP_DATA_45, "OP_DATA_45", 46, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_46: {OP_DATA_46, "OP_DATA_46", 47, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_47: {OP_DATA_47, "OP_DATA_47", 48, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_48: {OP_DATA_48, "OP_DATA_48", 49, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_49: {OP_DATA_49, "OP_DATA_49", 50, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_50: {OP_DATA_50, "OP_DATA_50", 51, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_51: {OP_DATA_51, "OP_DATA_51", 52, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_52: {OP_DATA_52, "OP_DATA_52", 53, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_53: {OP_DATA_53, "OP_DATA_53", 54, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_54: {OP_DATA_54, "OP_DATA_54", 55, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_55: {OP_DATA_55, "OP_DATA_55", 56, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_56: {OP_DATA_56, "OP_DATA_56", 57, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_57: {OP_DATA_57, "OP_DATA_57", 58, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_58: {OP_DATA_58, "OP_DATA_58", 59, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_59: {OP_DATA_59, "OP_DATA_59", 60, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_60: {OP_DATA_60, "OP_DATA_60", 61, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_61: {OP_DATA_61, "OP_DATA_61", 62, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_62: {OP_DATA_62, "OP_DATA_62", 63, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_63: {OP_DATA_63, "OP_DATA_63", 64, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_64: {OP_DATA_64, "OP_DATA_64", 65, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_65: {OP_DATA_65, "OP_DATA_65", 66, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_66: {OP_DATA_66, "OP_DATA_66", 67, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_67: {OP_DATA_67, "OP_DATA_67", 68, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_68: {OP_DATA_68, "OP_DATA_68", 69, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_69: {OP_DATA_69, "OP_DATA_69", 70, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_70: {OP_DATA_70, "OP_DATA_70", 71, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_71: {OP_DATA_71, "OP_DATA_71", 72, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_72: {OP_DATA_72, "OP_DATA_72", 73, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_73: {OP_DATA_73, "OP_DATA_73", 74, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_74: {OP_DATA_74, "OP_DATA_74", 75, opcodePushData},
OP_DATA_75: {OP_DATA_75, "OP_DATA_75", 76, opcodePushData},
OP_PUSHDATA1: {OP_PUSHDATA1, "OP_PUSHDATA1", -1, opcodePushData},
OP_PUSHDATA2: {OP_PUSHDATA2, "OP_PUSHDATA2", -2, opcodePushData},
OP_PUSHDATA4: {OP_PUSHDATA4, "OP_PUSHDATA4", -4, opcodePushData},
OP_1NEGATE: {OP_1NEGATE, "OP_1NEGATE", 1, opcode1Negate},
OP_RESERVED: {OP_RESERVED, "OP_RESERVED", 1, opcodeReserved},
OP_TRUE: {OP_TRUE, "OP_1", 1, opcodeN},
OP_2: {OP_2, "OP_2", 1, opcodeN},
OP_3: {OP_3, "OP_3", 1, opcodeN},
OP_4: {OP_4, "OP_4", 1, opcodeN},
OP_5: {OP_5, "OP_5", 1, opcodeN},
OP_6: {OP_6, "OP_6", 1, opcodeN},
OP_7: {OP_7, "OP_7", 1, opcodeN},
OP_8: {OP_8, "OP_8", 1, opcodeN},
OP_9: {OP_9, "OP_9", 1, opcodeN},
OP_10: {OP_10, "OP_10", 1, opcodeN},
OP_11: {OP_11, "OP_11", 1, opcodeN},
OP_12: {OP_12, "OP_12", 1, opcodeN},
OP_13: {OP_13, "OP_13", 1, opcodeN},
OP_14: {OP_14, "OP_14", 1, opcodeN},
OP_15: {OP_15, "OP_15", 1, opcodeN},
OP_16: {OP_16, "OP_16", 1, opcodeN},
// Control opcodes.
OP_NOP: {OP_NOP, "OP_NOP", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_VER: {OP_VER, "OP_VER", 1, opcodeReserved},
OP_IF: {OP_IF, "OP_IF", 1, opcodeIf},
OP_NOTIF: {OP_NOTIF, "OP_NOTIF", 1, opcodeNotIf},
OP_VERIF: {OP_VERIF, "OP_VERIF", 1, opcodeReserved},
OP_VERNOTIF: {OP_VERNOTIF, "OP_VERNOTIF", 1, opcodeReserved},
OP_ELSE: {OP_ELSE, "OP_ELSE", 1, opcodeElse},
OP_ENDIF: {OP_ENDIF, "OP_ENDIF", 1, opcodeEndif},
OP_VERIFY: {OP_VERIFY, "OP_VERIFY", 1, opcodeVerify},
OP_RETURN: {OP_RETURN, "OP_RETURN", 1, opcodeReturn},
OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY: {OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY, "OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY", 1, opcodeCheckLockTimeVerify},
OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY: {OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY, "OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY", 1, opcodeCheckSequenceVerify},
// Stack opcodes.
OP_TOALTSTACK: {OP_TOALTSTACK, "OP_TOALTSTACK", 1, opcodeToAltStack},
OP_FROMALTSTACK: {OP_FROMALTSTACK, "OP_FROMALTSTACK", 1, opcodeFromAltStack},
OP_2DROP: {OP_2DROP, "OP_2DROP", 1, opcode2Drop},
OP_2DUP: {OP_2DUP, "OP_2DUP", 1, opcode2Dup},
OP_3DUP: {OP_3DUP, "OP_3DUP", 1, opcode3Dup},
OP_2OVER: {OP_2OVER, "OP_2OVER", 1, opcode2Over},
OP_2ROT: {OP_2ROT, "OP_2ROT", 1, opcode2Rot},
OP_2SWAP: {OP_2SWAP, "OP_2SWAP", 1, opcode2Swap},
OP_IFDUP: {OP_IFDUP, "OP_IFDUP", 1, opcodeIfDup},
OP_DEPTH: {OP_DEPTH, "OP_DEPTH", 1, opcodeDepth},
OP_DROP: {OP_DROP, "OP_DROP", 1, opcodeDrop},
OP_DUP: {OP_DUP, "OP_DUP", 1, opcodeDup},
OP_NIP: {OP_NIP, "OP_NIP", 1, opcodeNip},
OP_OVER: {OP_OVER, "OP_OVER", 1, opcodeOver},
OP_PICK: {OP_PICK, "OP_PICK", 1, opcodePick},
OP_ROLL: {OP_ROLL, "OP_ROLL", 1, opcodeRoll},
OP_ROT: {OP_ROT, "OP_ROT", 1, opcodeRot},
OP_SWAP: {OP_SWAP, "OP_SWAP", 1, opcodeSwap},
OP_TUCK: {OP_TUCK, "OP_TUCK", 1, opcodeTuck},
// Splice opcodes.
OP_CAT: {OP_CAT, "OP_CAT", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_SUBSTR: {OP_SUBSTR, "OP_SUBSTR", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_LEFT: {OP_LEFT, "OP_LEFT", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_RIGHT: {OP_RIGHT, "OP_RIGHT", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_SIZE: {OP_SIZE, "OP_SIZE", 1, opcodeSize},
// Bitwise logic opcodes.
OP_INVERT: {OP_INVERT, "OP_INVERT", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_AND: {OP_AND, "OP_AND", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_OR: {OP_OR, "OP_OR", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_XOR: {OP_XOR, "OP_XOR", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_EQUAL: {OP_EQUAL, "OP_EQUAL", 1, opcodeEqual},
OP_EQUALVERIFY: {OP_EQUALVERIFY, "OP_EQUALVERIFY", 1, opcodeEqualVerify},
OP_RESERVED1: {OP_RESERVED1, "OP_RESERVED1", 1, opcodeReserved},
OP_RESERVED2: {OP_RESERVED2, "OP_RESERVED2", 1, opcodeReserved},
// Numeric related opcodes.
OP_1ADD: {OP_1ADD, "OP_1ADD", 1, opcode1Add},
OP_1SUB: {OP_1SUB, "OP_1SUB", 1, opcode1Sub},
OP_2MUL: {OP_2MUL, "OP_2MUL", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_2DIV: {OP_2DIV, "OP_2DIV", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_NEGATE: {OP_NEGATE, "OP_NEGATE", 1, opcodeNegate},
OP_ABS: {OP_ABS, "OP_ABS", 1, opcodeAbs},
OP_NOT: {OP_NOT, "OP_NOT", 1, opcodeNot},
OP_0NOTEQUAL: {OP_0NOTEQUAL, "OP_0NOTEQUAL", 1, opcode0NotEqual},
OP_ADD: {OP_ADD, "OP_ADD", 1, opcodeAdd},
OP_SUB: {OP_SUB, "OP_SUB", 1, opcodeSub},
OP_MUL: {OP_MUL, "OP_MUL", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_DIV: {OP_DIV, "OP_DIV", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_MOD: {OP_MOD, "OP_MOD", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_LSHIFT: {OP_LSHIFT, "OP_LSHIFT", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_RSHIFT: {OP_RSHIFT, "OP_RSHIFT", 1, opcodeDisabled},
OP_BOOLAND: {OP_BOOLAND, "OP_BOOLAND", 1, opcodeBoolAnd},
OP_BOOLOR: {OP_BOOLOR, "OP_BOOLOR", 1, opcodeBoolOr},
OP_NUMEQUAL: {OP_NUMEQUAL, "OP_NUMEQUAL", 1, opcodeNumEqual},
OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY: {OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY, "OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY", 1, opcodeNumEqualVerify},
OP_NUMNOTEQUAL: {OP_NUMNOTEQUAL, "OP_NUMNOTEQUAL", 1, opcodeNumNotEqual},
OP_LESSTHAN: {OP_LESSTHAN, "OP_LESSTHAN", 1, opcodeLessThan},
OP_GREATERTHAN: {OP_GREATERTHAN, "OP_GREATERTHAN", 1, opcodeGreaterThan},
OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL: {OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL, "OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL", 1, opcodeLessThanOrEqual},
OP_GREATERTHANOREQUAL: {OP_GREATERTHANOREQUAL, "OP_GREATERTHANOREQUAL", 1, opcodeGreaterThanOrEqual},
OP_MIN: {OP_MIN, "OP_MIN", 1, opcodeMin},
OP_MAX: {OP_MAX, "OP_MAX", 1, opcodeMax},
OP_WITHIN: {OP_WITHIN, "OP_WITHIN", 1, opcodeWithin},
// Crypto opcodes.
OP_RIPEMD160: {OP_RIPEMD160, "OP_RIPEMD160", 1, opcodeRipemd160},
OP_SHA1: {OP_SHA1, "OP_SHA1", 1, opcodeSha1},
OP_SHA256: {OP_SHA256, "OP_SHA256", 1, opcodeSha256},
OP_HASH160: {OP_HASH160, "OP_HASH160", 1, opcodeHash160},
OP_HASH256: {OP_HASH256, "OP_HASH256", 1, opcodeHash256},
OP_CODESEPARATOR: {OP_CODESEPARATOR, "OP_CODESEPARATOR", 1, opcodeCodeSeparator},
OP_CHECKSIG: {OP_CHECKSIG, "OP_CHECKSIG", 1, opcodeCheckSig},
OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY: {OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY, "OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY", 1, opcodeCheckSigVerify},
OP_CHECKMULTISIG: {OP_CHECKMULTISIG, "OP_CHECKMULTISIG", 1, opcodeCheckMultiSig},
OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY: {OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY, "OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY", 1, opcodeCheckMultiSigVerify},
// Reserved opcodes.
OP_NOP1: {OP_NOP1, "OP_NOP1", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_NOP4: {OP_NOP4, "OP_NOP4", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_NOP5: {OP_NOP5, "OP_NOP5", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_NOP6: {OP_NOP6, "OP_NOP6", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_NOP7: {OP_NOP7, "OP_NOP7", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_NOP8: {OP_NOP8, "OP_NOP8", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_NOP9: {OP_NOP9, "OP_NOP9", 1, opcodeNop},
OP_NOP10: {OP_NOP10, "OP_NOP10", 1, opcodeNop},
// Undefined opcodes.
OP_UNKNOWN186: {OP_UNKNOWN186, "OP_UNKNOWN186", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN187: {OP_UNKNOWN187, "OP_UNKNOWN187", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN188: {OP_UNKNOWN188, "OP_UNKNOWN188", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN189: {OP_UNKNOWN189, "OP_UNKNOWN189", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN190: {OP_UNKNOWN190, "OP_UNKNOWN190", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN191: {OP_UNKNOWN191, "OP_UNKNOWN191", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN192: {OP_UNKNOWN192, "OP_UNKNOWN192", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN193: {OP_UNKNOWN193, "OP_UNKNOWN193", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN194: {OP_UNKNOWN194, "OP_UNKNOWN194", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN195: {OP_UNKNOWN195, "OP_UNKNOWN195", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN196: {OP_UNKNOWN196, "OP_UNKNOWN196", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN197: {OP_UNKNOWN197, "OP_UNKNOWN197", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN198: {OP_UNKNOWN198, "OP_UNKNOWN198", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN199: {OP_UNKNOWN199, "OP_UNKNOWN199", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN200: {OP_UNKNOWN200, "OP_UNKNOWN200", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN201: {OP_UNKNOWN201, "OP_UNKNOWN201", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN202: {OP_UNKNOWN202, "OP_UNKNOWN202", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN203: {OP_UNKNOWN203, "OP_UNKNOWN203", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN204: {OP_UNKNOWN204, "OP_UNKNOWN204", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN205: {OP_UNKNOWN205, "OP_UNKNOWN205", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN206: {OP_UNKNOWN206, "OP_UNKNOWN206", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN207: {OP_UNKNOWN207, "OP_UNKNOWN207", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN208: {OP_UNKNOWN208, "OP_UNKNOWN208", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN209: {OP_UNKNOWN209, "OP_UNKNOWN209", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN210: {OP_UNKNOWN210, "OP_UNKNOWN210", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN211: {OP_UNKNOWN211, "OP_UNKNOWN211", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN212: {OP_UNKNOWN212, "OP_UNKNOWN212", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN213: {OP_UNKNOWN213, "OP_UNKNOWN213", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN214: {OP_UNKNOWN214, "OP_UNKNOWN214", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN215: {OP_UNKNOWN215, "OP_UNKNOWN215", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN216: {OP_UNKNOWN216, "OP_UNKNOWN216", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN217: {OP_UNKNOWN217, "OP_UNKNOWN217", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN218: {OP_UNKNOWN218, "OP_UNKNOWN218", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN219: {OP_UNKNOWN219, "OP_UNKNOWN219", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN220: {OP_UNKNOWN220, "OP_UNKNOWN220", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN221: {OP_UNKNOWN221, "OP_UNKNOWN221", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN222: {OP_UNKNOWN222, "OP_UNKNOWN222", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN223: {OP_UNKNOWN223, "OP_UNKNOWN223", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN224: {OP_UNKNOWN224, "OP_UNKNOWN224", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN225: {OP_UNKNOWN225, "OP_UNKNOWN225", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN226: {OP_UNKNOWN226, "OP_UNKNOWN226", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN227: {OP_UNKNOWN227, "OP_UNKNOWN227", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN228: {OP_UNKNOWN228, "OP_UNKNOWN228", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN229: {OP_UNKNOWN229, "OP_UNKNOWN229", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN230: {OP_UNKNOWN230, "OP_UNKNOWN230", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN231: {OP_UNKNOWN231, "OP_UNKNOWN231", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN232: {OP_UNKNOWN232, "OP_UNKNOWN232", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN233: {OP_UNKNOWN233, "OP_UNKNOWN233", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN234: {OP_UNKNOWN234, "OP_UNKNOWN234", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN235: {OP_UNKNOWN235, "OP_UNKNOWN235", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN236: {OP_UNKNOWN236, "OP_UNKNOWN236", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN237: {OP_UNKNOWN237, "OP_UNKNOWN237", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN238: {OP_UNKNOWN238, "OP_UNKNOWN238", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN239: {OP_UNKNOWN239, "OP_UNKNOWN239", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN240: {OP_UNKNOWN240, "OP_UNKNOWN240", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN241: {OP_UNKNOWN241, "OP_UNKNOWN241", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN242: {OP_UNKNOWN242, "OP_UNKNOWN242", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN243: {OP_UNKNOWN243, "OP_UNKNOWN243", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN244: {OP_UNKNOWN244, "OP_UNKNOWN244", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN245: {OP_UNKNOWN245, "OP_UNKNOWN245", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN246: {OP_UNKNOWN246, "OP_UNKNOWN246", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN247: {OP_UNKNOWN247, "OP_UNKNOWN247", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN248: {OP_UNKNOWN248, "OP_UNKNOWN248", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN249: {OP_UNKNOWN249, "OP_UNKNOWN249", 1, opcodeInvalid},
// Bitcoin Core internal use opcode. Defined here for completeness.
OP_SMALLINTEGER: {OP_SMALLINTEGER, "OP_SMALLINTEGER", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_PUBKEYS: {OP_PUBKEYS, "OP_PUBKEYS", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_UNKNOWN252: {OP_UNKNOWN252, "OP_UNKNOWN252", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_PUBKEYHASH: {OP_PUBKEYHASH, "OP_PUBKEYHASH", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_PUBKEY: {OP_PUBKEY, "OP_PUBKEY", 1, opcodeInvalid},
OP_INVALIDOPCODE: {OP_INVALIDOPCODE, "OP_INVALIDOPCODE", 1, opcodeInvalid},
}
// opcodeOnelineRepls defines opcode names which are replaced when doing a
// one-line disassembly. This is done to match the output of the reference
// implementation while not changing the opcode names in the nicer full
// disassembly.
var opcodeOnelineRepls = map[string]string{
"OP_1NEGATE": "-1",
"OP_0": "0",
"OP_1": "1",
"OP_2": "2",
"OP_3": "3",
"OP_4": "4",
"OP_5": "5",
"OP_6": "6",
"OP_7": "7",
"OP_8": "8",
"OP_9": "9",
"OP_10": "10",
"OP_11": "11",
"OP_12": "12",
"OP_13": "13",
"OP_14": "14",
"OP_15": "15",
"OP_16": "16",
}
// parsedOpcode represents an opcode that has been parsed and includes any
// potential data associated with it.
type parsedOpcode struct {
opcode *opcode
data []byte
}
// isDisabled returns whether or not the opcode is disabled and thus is always
// bad to see in the instruction stream (even if turned off by a conditional).
func (pop *parsedOpcode) isDisabled() bool {
switch pop.opcode.value {
case OP_CAT:
return true
case OP_SUBSTR:
return true
case OP_LEFT:
return true
case OP_RIGHT:
return true
case OP_INVERT:
return true
case OP_AND:
return true
case OP_OR:
return true
case OP_XOR:
return true
case OP_2MUL:
return true
case OP_2DIV:
return true
case OP_MUL:
return true
case OP_DIV:
return true
case OP_MOD:
return true
case OP_LSHIFT:
return true
case OP_RSHIFT:
return true
default:
return false
}
}
// alwaysIllegal returns whether or not the opcode is always illegal when passed
// over by the program counter even if in a non-executed branch (it isn't a
// coincidence that they are conditionals).
func (pop *parsedOpcode) alwaysIllegal() bool {
switch pop.opcode.value {
case OP_VERIF:
return true
case OP_VERNOTIF:
return true
default:
return false
}
}
// isConditional returns whether or not the opcode is a conditional opcode which
// changes the conditional execution stack when executed.
func (pop *parsedOpcode) isConditional() bool {
switch pop.opcode.value {
case OP_IF:
return true
case OP_NOTIF:
return true
case OP_ELSE:
return true
case OP_ENDIF:
return true
default:
return false
}
}
// checkMinimalDataPush returns whether or not the current data push uses the
// smallest possible opcode to represent it. For example, the value 15 could
// be pushed with OP_DATA_1 15 (among other variations); however, OP_15 is a
// single opcode that represents the same value and is only a single byte versus
// two bytes.
func (pop *parsedOpcode) checkMinimalDataPush() error {
data := pop.data
dataLen := len(data)
opcode := pop.opcode.value
if dataLen == 0 && opcode != OP_0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("zero length data push is encoded with "+
"opcode %s instead of OP_0", pop.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrMinimalData, str)
} else if dataLen == 1 && data[0] >= 1 && data[0] <= 16 {
if opcode != OP_1+data[0]-1 {
// Should have used OP_1 .. OP_16
str := fmt.Sprintf("data push of the value %d encoded "+
"with opcode %s instead of OP_%d", data[0],
pop.opcode.name, data[0])
return scriptError(ErrMinimalData, str)
}
} else if dataLen == 1 && data[0] == 0x81 {
if opcode != OP_1NEGATE {
str := fmt.Sprintf("data push of the value -1 encoded "+
"with opcode %s instead of OP_1NEGATE",
pop.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrMinimalData, str)
}
} else if dataLen <= 75 {
if int(opcode) != dataLen {
// Should have used a direct push
str := fmt.Sprintf("data push of %d bytes encoded "+
"with opcode %s instead of OP_DATA_%d", dataLen,
pop.opcode.name, dataLen)
return scriptError(ErrMinimalData, str)
}
} else if dataLen <= 255 {
if opcode != OP_PUSHDATA1 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("data push of %d bytes encoded "+
"with opcode %s instead of OP_PUSHDATA1",
dataLen, pop.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrMinimalData, str)
}
} else if dataLen <= 65535 {
if opcode != OP_PUSHDATA2 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("data push of %d bytes encoded "+
"with opcode %s instead of OP_PUSHDATA2",
dataLen, pop.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrMinimalData, str)
}
}
return nil
}
// print returns a human-readable string representation of the opcode for use
// in script disassembly.
func (pop *parsedOpcode) print(oneline bool) string {
// The reference implementation one-line disassembly replaces opcodes
// which represent values (e.g. OP_0 through OP_16 and OP_1NEGATE)
// with the raw value. However, when not doing a one-line dissassembly,
// we prefer to show the actual opcode names. Thus, only replace the
// opcodes in question when the oneline flag is set.
opcodeName := pop.opcode.name
if oneline {
if replName, ok := opcodeOnelineRepls[opcodeName]; ok {
opcodeName = replName
}
// Nothing more to do for non-data push opcodes.
if pop.opcode.length == 1 {
return opcodeName
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%x", pop.data)
}
// Nothing more to do for non-data push opcodes.
if pop.opcode.length == 1 {
return opcodeName
}
// Add length for the OP_PUSHDATA# opcodes.
retString := opcodeName
switch pop.opcode.length {
case -1:
retString += fmt.Sprintf(" 0x%02x", len(pop.data))
case -2:
retString += fmt.Sprintf(" 0x%04x", len(pop.data))
case -4:
retString += fmt.Sprintf(" 0x%08x", len(pop.data))
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%s 0x%02x", retString, pop.data)
}
// bytes returns any data associated with the opcode encoded as it would be in
// a script. This is used for unparsing scripts from parsed opcodes.
func (pop *parsedOpcode) bytes() ([]byte, error) {
var retbytes []byte
if pop.opcode.length > 0 {
retbytes = make([]byte, 1, pop.opcode.length)
} else {
retbytes = make([]byte, 1, 1+len(pop.data)-
pop.opcode.length)
}
retbytes[0] = pop.opcode.value
if pop.opcode.length == 1 {
if len(pop.data) != 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("internal consistency error - "+
"parsed opcode %s has data length %d when %d "+
"was expected", pop.opcode.name, len(pop.data),
0)
return nil, scriptError(ErrInternal, str)
}
return retbytes, nil
}
nbytes := pop.opcode.length
if pop.opcode.length < 0 {
l := len(pop.data)
// tempting just to hardcode to avoid the complexity here.
switch pop.opcode.length {
case -1:
retbytes = append(retbytes, byte(l))
nbytes = int(retbytes[1]) + len(retbytes)
case -2:
retbytes = append(retbytes, byte(l&0xff),
byte(l>>8&0xff))
nbytes = int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(retbytes[1:])) +
len(retbytes)
case -4:
retbytes = append(retbytes, byte(l&0xff),
byte((l>>8)&0xff), byte((l>>16)&0xff),
byte((l>>24)&0xff))
nbytes = int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(retbytes[1:])) +
len(retbytes)
}
}
retbytes = append(retbytes, pop.data...)
if len(retbytes) != nbytes {
str := fmt.Sprintf("internal consistency error - "+
"parsed opcode %s has data length %d when %d was "+
"expected", pop.opcode.name, len(retbytes), nbytes)
return nil, scriptError(ErrInternal, str)
}
return retbytes, nil
}
// *******************************************
// Opcode implementation functions start here.
// *******************************************
// opcodeDisabled is a common handler for disabled opcodes. It returns an
// appropriate error indicating the opcode is disabled. While it would
// ordinarily make more sense to detect if the script contains any disabled
// opcodes before executing in an initial parse step, the consensus rules
// dictate the script doesn't fail until the program counter passes over a
// disabled opcode (even when they appear in a branch that is not executed).
func opcodeDisabled(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
str := fmt.Sprintf("attempt to execute disabled opcode %s",
op.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrDisabledOpcode, str)
}
// opcodeReserved is a common handler for all reserved opcodes. It returns an
// appropriate error indicating the opcode is reserved.
func opcodeReserved(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
str := fmt.Sprintf("attempt to execute reserved opcode %s",
op.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrReservedOpcode, str)
}
// opcodeInvalid is a common handler for all invalid opcodes. It returns an
// appropriate error indicating the opcode is invalid.
func opcodeInvalid(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
str := fmt.Sprintf("attempt to execute invalid opcode %s",
op.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrReservedOpcode, str)
}
// opcodeFalse pushes an empty array to the data stack to represent false. Note
// that 0, when encoded as a number according to the numeric encoding consensus
// rules, is an empty array.
func opcodeFalse(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(nil)
return nil
}
// opcodePushData is a common handler for the vast majority of opcodes that push
// raw data (bytes) to the data stack.
func opcodePushData(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(op.data)
return nil
}
// opcode1Negate pushes -1, encoded as a number, to the data stack.
func opcode1Negate(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(-1))
return nil
}
// opcodeN is a common handler for the small integer data push opcodes. It
// pushes the numeric value the opcode represents (which will be from 1 to 16)
// onto the data stack.
func opcodeN(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
// The opcodes are all defined consecutively, so the numeric value is
// the difference.
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum((op.opcode.value - (OP_1 - 1))))
return nil
}
// opcodeNop is a common handler for the NOP family of opcodes. As the name
// implies it generally does nothing, however, it will return an error when
// the flag to discourage use of NOPs is set for select opcodes.
func opcodeNop(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
switch op.opcode.value {
case OP_NOP1, OP_NOP4, OP_NOP5,
OP_NOP6, OP_NOP7, OP_NOP8, OP_NOP9, OP_NOP10:
if vm.hasFlag(ScriptDiscourageUpgradableNops) {
str := fmt.Sprintf("OP_NOP%d reserved for soft-fork "+
"upgrades", op.opcode.value-(OP_NOP1-1))
return scriptError(ErrDiscourageUpgradableNOPs, str)
}
}
return nil
}
// opcodeIf treats the top item on the data stack as a boolean and removes it.
//
// An appropriate entry is added to the conditional stack depending on whether
// the boolean is true and whether this if is on an executing branch in order
// to allow proper execution of further opcodes depending on the conditional
// logic. When the boolean is true, the first branch will be executed (unless
// this opcode is nested in a non-executed branch).
//
// <expression> if [statements] [else [statements]] endif
//
// Note that, unlike for all non-conditional opcodes, this is executed even when
// it is on a non-executing branch so proper nesting is maintained.
//
// Data stack transformation: [... bool] -> [...]
// Conditional stack transformation: [...] -> [... OpCondValue]
func opcodeIf(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
condVal := OpCondFalse
if vm.isBranchExecuting() {
ok, err := vm.dstack.PopBool()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if ok {
condVal = OpCondTrue
}
} else {
condVal = OpCondSkip
}
vm.condStack = append(vm.condStack, condVal)
return nil
}
// opcodeNotIf treats the top item on the data stack as a boolean and removes
// it.
//
// An appropriate entry is added to the conditional stack depending on whether
// the boolean is true and whether this if is on an executing branch in order
// to allow proper execution of further opcodes depending on the conditional
// logic. When the boolean is false, the first branch will be executed (unless
// this opcode is nested in a non-executed branch).
//
// <expression> notif [statements] [else [statements]] endif
//
// Note that, unlike for all non-conditional opcodes, this is executed even when
// it is on a non-executing branch so proper nesting is maintained.
//
// Data stack transformation: [... bool] -> [...]
// Conditional stack transformation: [...] -> [... OpCondValue]
func opcodeNotIf(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
condVal := OpCondFalse
if vm.isBranchExecuting() {
ok, err := vm.dstack.PopBool()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !ok {
condVal = OpCondTrue
}
} else {
condVal = OpCondSkip
}
vm.condStack = append(vm.condStack, condVal)
return nil
}
// opcodeElse inverts conditional execution for other half of if/else/endif.
//
// An error is returned if there has not already been a matching OP_IF.
//
// Conditional stack transformation: [... OpCondValue] -> [... !OpCondValue]
func opcodeElse(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
if len(vm.condStack) == 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("encountered opcode %s with no matching "+
"opcode to begin conditional execution", op.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrUnbalancedConditional, str)
}
conditionalIdx := len(vm.condStack) - 1
switch vm.condStack[conditionalIdx] {
case OpCondTrue:
vm.condStack[conditionalIdx] = OpCondFalse
case OpCondFalse:
vm.condStack[conditionalIdx] = OpCondTrue
case OpCondSkip:
// Value doesn't change in skip since it indicates this opcode
// is nested in a non-executed branch.
}
return nil
}
// opcodeEndif terminates a conditional block, removing the value from the
// conditional execution stack.
//
// An error is returned if there has not already been a matching OP_IF.
//
// Conditional stack transformation: [... OpCondValue] -> [...]
func opcodeEndif(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
if len(vm.condStack) == 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("encountered opcode %s with no matching "+
"opcode to begin conditional execution", op.opcode.name)
return scriptError(ErrUnbalancedConditional, str)
}
vm.condStack = vm.condStack[:len(vm.condStack)-1]
return nil
}
// abstractVerify examines the top item on the data stack as a boolean value and
// verifies it evaluates to true. An error is returned either when there is no
// item on the stack or when that item evaluates to false. In the latter case
// where the verification fails specifically due to the top item evaluating
// to false, the returned error will use the passed error code.
func abstractVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine, c ErrorCode) error {
verified, err := vm.dstack.PopBool()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !verified {
str := fmt.Sprintf("%s failed", op.opcode.name)
return scriptError(c, str)
}
return nil
}
// opcodeVerify examines the top item on the data stack as a boolean value and
// verifies it evaluates to true. An error is returned if it does not.
func opcodeVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return abstractVerify(op, vm, ErrVerify)
}
// opcodeReturn returns an appropriate error since it is always an error to
// return early from a script.
func opcodeReturn(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return scriptError(ErrEarlyReturn, "script returned early")
}
// verifyLockTime is a helper function used to validate locktimes.
func verifyLockTime(txLockTime, threshold, lockTime int64) error {
// The lockTimes in both the script and transaction must be of the same
// type.
if !((txLockTime < threshold && lockTime < threshold) ||
(txLockTime >= threshold && lockTime >= threshold)) {
str := fmt.Sprintf("mismatched locktime types -- tx locktime "+
"%d, stack locktime %d", txLockTime, lockTime)
return scriptError(ErrUnsatisfiedLockTime, str)
}
if lockTime > txLockTime {
str := fmt.Sprintf("locktime requirement not satisfied -- "+
"locktime is greater than the transaction locktime: "+
"%d > %d", lockTime, txLockTime)
return scriptError(ErrUnsatisfiedLockTime, str)
}
return nil
}
// opcodeCheckLockTimeVerify compares the top item on the data stack to the
// LockTime field of the transaction containing the script signature
// validating if the transaction outputs are spendable yet. If flag
// ScriptVerifyCheckLockTimeVerify is not set, the code continues as if OP_NOP2
// were executed.
func opcodeCheckLockTimeVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
// If the ScriptVerifyCheckLockTimeVerify script flag is not set, treat
// opcode as OP_NOP2 instead.
if !vm.hasFlag(ScriptVerifyCheckLockTimeVerify) {
if vm.hasFlag(ScriptDiscourageUpgradableNops) {
return scriptError(ErrDiscourageUpgradableNOPs,
"OP_NOP2 reserved for soft-fork upgrades")
}
return nil
}
// The current transaction locktime is a uint32 resulting in a maximum
// locktime of 2^32-1 (the year 2106). However, scriptNums are signed
// and therefore a standard 4-byte scriptNum would only support up to a
// maximum of 2^31-1 (the year 2038). Thus, a 5-byte scriptNum is used
// here since it will support up to 2^39-1 which allows dates beyond the
// current locktime limit.
//
// PeekByteArray is used here instead of PeekInt because we do not want
// to be limited to a 4-byte integer for reasons specified above.
so, err := vm.dstack.PeekByteArray(0)
if err != nil {
return err
}
lockTime, err := makeScriptNum(so, vm.dstack.verifyMinimalData, 5)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// In the rare event that the argument needs to be < 0 due to some
// arithmetic being done first, you can always use
// 0 OP_MAX OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY.
if lockTime < 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("negative lock time: %d", lockTime)
return scriptError(ErrNegativeLockTime, str)
}
// The lock time field of a transaction is either a block height at
// which the transaction is finalized or a timestamp depending on if the
// value is before the txscript.LockTimeThreshold. When it is under the
// threshold it is a block height.
err = verifyLockTime(int64(vm.tx.LockTime), LockTimeThreshold,
int64(lockTime))
if err != nil {
return err
}
// The lock time feature can also be disabled, thereby bypassing
// OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY, if every transaction input has been finalized by
// setting its sequence to the maximum value (wire.MaxTxInSequenceNum). This
// condition would result in the transaction being allowed into the blockchain
// making the opcode ineffective.
//
// This condition is prevented by enforcing that the input being used by
// the opcode is unlocked (its sequence number is less than the max
// value). This is sufficient to prove correctness without having to
// check every input.
//
// NOTE: This implies that even if the transaction is not finalized due to
// another input being unlocked, the opcode execution will still fail when the
// input being used by the opcode is locked.
if vm.tx.TxIn[vm.txIdx].Sequence == wire.MaxTxInSequenceNum {
return scriptError(ErrUnsatisfiedLockTime,
"transaction input is finalized")
}
return nil
}
// opcodeCheckSequenceVerify compares the top item on the data stack to the
// LockTime field of the transaction containing the script signature
// validating if the transaction outputs are spendable yet. If flag
// ScriptVerifyCheckSequenceVerify is not set, the code continues as if OP_NOP3
// were executed.
func opcodeCheckSequenceVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
// If the ScriptVerifyCheckSequenceVerify script flag is not set, treat
// opcode as OP_NOP3 instead.
if !vm.hasFlag(ScriptVerifyCheckSequenceVerify) {
if vm.hasFlag(ScriptDiscourageUpgradableNops) {
return scriptError(ErrDiscourageUpgradableNOPs,
"OP_NOP3 reserved for soft-fork upgrades")
}
return nil
}
// The current transaction sequence is a uint32 resulting in a maximum
// sequence of 2^32-1. However, scriptNums are signed and therefore a
// standard 4-byte scriptNum would only support up to a maximum of
// 2^31-1. Thus, a 5-byte scriptNum is used here since it will support
// up to 2^39-1 which allows sequences beyond the current sequence
// limit.
//
// PeekByteArray is used here instead of PeekInt because we do not want
// to be limited to a 4-byte integer for reasons specified above.
so, err := vm.dstack.PeekByteArray(0)
if err != nil {
return err
}
stackSequence, err := makeScriptNum(so, vm.dstack.verifyMinimalData, 5)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// In the rare event that the argument needs to be < 0 due to some
// arithmetic being done first, you can always use
// 0 OP_MAX OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY.
if stackSequence < 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("negative sequence: %d", stackSequence)
return scriptError(ErrNegativeLockTime, str)
}
sequence := int64(stackSequence)
// To provide for future soft-fork extensibility, if the
// operand has the disabled lock-time flag set,
// CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY behaves as a NOP.
if sequence&int64(wire.SequenceLockTimeDisabled) != 0 {
return nil
}
// Transaction version numbers not high enough to trigger CSV rules must
// fail.
if vm.tx.Version < 2 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("invalid transaction version: %d",
vm.tx.Version)
return scriptError(ErrUnsatisfiedLockTime, str)
}
// Sequence numbers with their most significant bit set are not
// consensus constrained. Testing that the transaction's sequence
// number does not have this bit set prevents using this property
// to get around a CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY check.
txSequence := int64(vm.tx.TxIn[vm.txIdx].Sequence)
if txSequence&int64(wire.SequenceLockTimeDisabled) != 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("transaction sequence has sequence "+
"locktime disabled bit set: 0x%x", txSequence)
return scriptError(ErrUnsatisfiedLockTime, str)
}
// Mask off non-consensus bits before doing comparisons.
lockTimeMask := int64(wire.SequenceLockTimeIsSeconds |
wire.SequenceLockTimeMask)
return verifyLockTime(txSequence&lockTimeMask,
wire.SequenceLockTimeIsSeconds, sequence&lockTimeMask)
}
// opcodeToAltStack removes the top item from the main data stack and pushes it
// onto the alternate data stack.
//
// Main data stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x2]
// Alt data stack transformation: [... y1 y2 y3] -> [... y1 y2 y3 x3]
func opcodeToAltStack(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
so, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.astack.PushByteArray(so)
return nil
}
// opcodeFromAltStack removes the top item from the alternate data stack and
// pushes it onto the main data stack.
//
// Main data stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x2 x3 y3]
// Alt data stack transformation: [... y1 y2 y3] -> [... y1 y2]
func opcodeFromAltStack(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
so, err := vm.astack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(so)
return nil
}
// opcode2Drop removes the top 2 items from the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1]
func opcode2Drop(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.DropN(2)
}
// opcode2Dup duplicates the top 2 items on the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x2 x3 x2 x3]
func opcode2Dup(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.DupN(2)
}
// opcode3Dup duplicates the top 3 items on the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3]
func opcode3Dup(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.DupN(3)
}
// opcode2Over duplicates the 2 items before the top 2 items on the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3 x4] -> [... x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2]
func opcode2Over(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.OverN(2)
}
// opcode2Rot rotates the top 6 items on the data stack to the left twice.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6] -> [... x3 x4 x5 x6 x1 x2]
func opcode2Rot(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.RotN(2)
}
// opcode2Swap swaps the top 2 items on the data stack with the 2 that come
// before them.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3 x4] -> [... x3 x4 x1 x2]
func opcode2Swap(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.SwapN(2)
}
// opcodeIfDup duplicates the top item of the stack if it is not zero.
//
// Stack transformation (x1==0): [... x1] -> [... x1]
// Stack transformation (x1!=0): [... x1] -> [... x1 x1]
func opcodeIfDup(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
so, err := vm.dstack.PeekByteArray(0)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Push copy of data iff it isn't zero
if asBool(so) {
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(so)
}
return nil
}
// opcodeDepth pushes the depth of the data stack prior to executing this
// opcode, encoded as a number, onto the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [...] -> [... <num of items on the stack>]
// Example with 2 items: [x1 x2] -> [x1 x2 2]
// Example with 3 items: [x1 x2 x3] -> [x1 x2 x3 3]
func opcodeDepth(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(vm.dstack.Depth()))
return nil
}
// opcodeDrop removes the top item from the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x2]
func opcodeDrop(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.DropN(1)
}
// opcodeDup duplicates the top item on the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x2 x3 x3]
func opcodeDup(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.DupN(1)
}
// opcodeNip removes the item before the top item on the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x3]
func opcodeNip(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.NipN(1)
}
// opcodeOver duplicates the item before the top item on the data stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x1 x2 x3 x2]
func opcodeOver(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.OverN(1)
}
// opcodePick treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and duplicates
// the item on the stack that number of items back to the top.
//
// Stack transformation: [xn ... x2 x1 x0 n] -> [xn ... x2 x1 x0 xn]
// Example with n=1: [x2 x1 x0 1] -> [x2 x1 x0 x1]
// Example with n=2: [x2 x1 x0 2] -> [x2 x1 x0 x2]
func opcodePick(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
val, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
return vm.dstack.PickN(val.Int32())
}
// opcodeRoll treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and moves
// the item on the stack that number of items back to the top.
//
// Stack transformation: [xn ... x2 x1 x0 n] -> [... x2 x1 x0 xn]
// Example with n=1: [x2 x1 x0 1] -> [x2 x0 x1]
// Example with n=2: [x2 x1 x0 2] -> [x1 x0 x2]
func opcodeRoll(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
val, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
return vm.dstack.RollN(val.Int32())
}
// opcodeRot rotates the top 3 items on the data stack to the left.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2 x3] -> [... x2 x3 x1]
func opcodeRot(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.RotN(1)
}
// opcodeSwap swaps the top two items on the stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x2 x1]
func opcodeSwap(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.SwapN(1)
}
// opcodeTuck inserts a duplicate of the top item of the data stack before the
// second-to-top item.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x2 x1 x2]
func opcodeTuck(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
return vm.dstack.Tuck()
}
// opcodeSize pushes the size of the top item of the data stack onto the data
// stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1] -> [... x1 len(x1)]
func opcodeSize(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
so, err := vm.dstack.PeekByteArray(0)
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(len(so)))
return nil
}
// opcodeEqual removes the top 2 items of the data stack, compares them as raw
// bytes, and pushes the result, encoded as a boolean, back to the stack.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... bool]
func opcodeEqual(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
a, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
b, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushBool(bytes.Equal(a, b))
return nil
}
// opcodeEqualVerify is a combination of opcodeEqual and opcodeVerify.
// Specifically, it removes the top 2 items of the data stack, compares them,
// and pushes the result, encoded as a boolean, back to the stack. Then, it
// examines the top item on the data stack as a boolean value and verifies it
// evaluates to true. An error is returned if it does not.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... bool] -> [...]
func opcodeEqualVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
err := opcodeEqual(op, vm)
if err == nil {
err = abstractVerify(op, vm, ErrEqualVerify)
}
return err
}
// opcode1Add treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and replaces
// it with its incremented value (plus 1).
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x1 x2+1]
func opcode1Add(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
m, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(m + 1)
return nil
}
// opcode1Sub treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and replaces
// it with its decremented value (minus 1).
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x1 x2-1]
func opcode1Sub(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
m, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(m - 1)
return nil
}
// opcodeNegate treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and replaces
// it with its negation.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x1 -x2]
func opcodeNegate(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
m, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(-m)
return nil
}
// opcodeAbs treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and replaces it
// it with its absolute value.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x1 abs(x2)]
func opcodeAbs(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
m, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if m < 0 {
m = -m
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(m)
return nil
}
// opcodeNot treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and replaces
// it with its "inverted" value (0 becomes 1, non-zero becomes 0).
//
// NOTE: While it would probably make more sense to treat the top item as a
// boolean, and push the opposite, which is really what the intention of this
// opcode is, it is extremely important that is not done because integers are
// interpreted differently than booleans and the consensus rules for this opcode
// dictate the item is interpreted as an integer.
//
// Stack transformation (x2==0): [... x1 0] -> [... x1 1]
// Stack transformation (x2!=0): [... x1 1] -> [... x1 0]
// Stack transformation (x2!=0): [... x1 17] -> [... x1 0]
func opcodeNot(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
m, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if m == 0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcode0NotEqual treats the top item on the data stack as an integer and
// replaces it with either a 0 if it is zero, or a 1 if it is not zero.
//
// Stack transformation (x2==0): [... x1 0] -> [... x1 0]
// Stack transformation (x2!=0): [... x1 1] -> [... x1 1]
// Stack transformation (x2!=0): [... x1 17] -> [... x1 1]
func opcode0NotEqual(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
m, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if m != 0 {
m = 1
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(m)
return nil
}
// opcodeAdd treats the top two items on the data stack as integers and replaces
// them with their sum.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x1+x2]
func opcodeAdd(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(v0 + v1)
return nil
}
// opcodeSub treats the top two items on the data stack as integers and replaces
// them with the result of subtracting the top entry from the second-to-top
// entry.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... x1-x2]
func opcodeSub(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushInt(v1 - v0)
return nil
}
// opcodeBoolAnd treats the top two items on the data stack as integers. When
// both of them are not zero, they are replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation (x1==0, x2==0): [... 0 0] -> [... 0]
// Stack transformation (x1!=0, x2==0): [... 5 0] -> [... 0]
// Stack transformation (x1==0, x2!=0): [... 0 7] -> [... 0]
// Stack transformation (x1!=0, x2!=0): [... 4 8] -> [... 1]
func opcodeBoolAnd(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v0 != 0 && v1 != 0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeBoolOr treats the top two items on the data stack as integers. When
// either of them are not zero, they are replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation (x1==0, x2==0): [... 0 0] -> [... 0]
// Stack transformation (x1!=0, x2==0): [... 5 0] -> [... 1]
// Stack transformation (x1==0, x2!=0): [... 0 7] -> [... 1]
// Stack transformation (x1!=0, x2!=0): [... 4 8] -> [... 1]
func opcodeBoolOr(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v0 != 0 || v1 != 0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeNumEqual treats the top two items on the data stack as integers. When
// they are equal, they are replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation (x1==x2): [... 5 5] -> [... 1]
// Stack transformation (x1!=x2): [... 5 7] -> [... 0]
func opcodeNumEqual(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v0 == v1 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeNumEqualVerify is a combination of opcodeNumEqual and opcodeVerify.
//
// Specifically, treats the top two items on the data stack as integers. When
// they are equal, they are replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0. Then, it examines
// the top item on the data stack as a boolean value and verifies it evaluates
// to true. An error is returned if it does not.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... bool] -> [...]
func opcodeNumEqualVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
err := opcodeNumEqual(op, vm)
if err == nil {
err = abstractVerify(op, vm, ErrNumEqualVerify)
}
return err
}
// opcodeNumNotEqual treats the top two items on the data stack as integers.
// When they are NOT equal, they are replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation (x1==x2): [... 5 5] -> [... 0]
// Stack transformation (x1!=x2): [... 5 7] -> [... 1]
func opcodeNumNotEqual(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v0 != v1 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeLessThan treats the top two items on the data stack as integers. When
// the second-to-top item is less than the top item, they are replaced with a 1,
// otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... bool]
func opcodeLessThan(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v1 < v0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeGreaterThan treats the top two items on the data stack as integers.
// When the second-to-top item is greater than the top item, they are replaced
// with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... bool]
func opcodeGreaterThan(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v1 > v0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeLessThanOrEqual treats the top two items on the data stack as integers.
// When the second-to-top item is less than or equal to the top item, they are
// replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... bool]
func opcodeLessThanOrEqual(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v1 <= v0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeGreaterThanOrEqual treats the top two items on the data stack as
// integers. When the second-to-top item is greater than or equal to the top
// item, they are replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... bool]
func opcodeGreaterThanOrEqual(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v1 >= v0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// opcodeMin treats the top two items on the data stack as integers and replaces
// them with the minimum of the two.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... min(x1, x2)]
func opcodeMin(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v1 < v0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(v1)
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(v0)
}
return nil
}
// opcodeMax treats the top two items on the data stack as integers and replaces
// them with the maximum of the two.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 x2] -> [... max(x1, x2)]
func opcodeMax(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
v0, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
v1, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v1 > v0 {
vm.dstack.PushInt(v1)
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(v0)
}
return nil
}
// opcodeWithin treats the top 3 items on the data stack as integers. When the
// value to test is within the specified range (left inclusive), they are
// replaced with a 1, otherwise a 0.
//
// The top item is the max value, the second-top-item is the minimum value, and
// the third-to-top item is the value to test.
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1 min max] -> [... bool]
func opcodeWithin(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
maxVal, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
minVal, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
x, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if x >= minVal && x < maxVal {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(1))
} else {
vm.dstack.PushInt(scriptNum(0))
}
return nil
}
// calcHash calculates the hash of hasher over buf.
func calcHash(buf []byte, hasher hash.Hash) []byte {
hasher.Write(buf)
return hasher.Sum(nil)
}
// opcodeRipemd160 treats the top item of the data stack as raw bytes and
// replaces it with ripemd160(data).
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1] -> [... ripemd160(x1)]
func opcodeRipemd160(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
buf, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(calcHash(buf, ripemd160.New()))
return nil
}
// opcodeSha1 treats the top item of the data stack as raw bytes and replaces it
// with sha1(data).
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1] -> [... sha1(x1)]
func opcodeSha1(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
buf, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
hash := sha1.Sum(buf)
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(hash[:])
return nil
}
// opcodeSha256 treats the top item of the data stack as raw bytes and replaces
// it with sha256(data).
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1] -> [... sha256(x1)]
func opcodeSha256(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
buf, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
hash := sha256.Sum256(buf)
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(hash[:])
return nil
}
// opcodeHash160 treats the top item of the data stack as raw bytes and replaces
// it with ripemd160(sha256(data)).
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1] -> [... ripemd160(sha256(x1))]
func opcodeHash160(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
buf, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
hash := sha256.Sum256(buf)
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(calcHash(hash[:], ripemd160.New()))
return nil
}
// opcodeHash256 treats the top item of the data stack as raw bytes and replaces
// it with sha256(sha256(data)).
//
// Stack transformation: [... x1] -> [... sha256(sha256(x1))]
func opcodeHash256(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
buf, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
vm.dstack.PushByteArray(chainhash.DoubleHashB(buf))
return nil
}
// opcodeCodeSeparator stores the current script offset as the most recently
// seen OP_CODESEPARATOR which is used during signature checking.
//
// This opcode does not change the contents of the data stack.
func opcodeCodeSeparator(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
vm.lastCodeSep = vm.scriptOff
return nil
}
// opcodeCheckSig treats the top 2 items on the stack as a public key and a
// signature and replaces them with a bool which indicates if the signature was
// successfully verified.
//
// The process of verifying a signature requires calculating a signature hash in
// the same way the transaction signer did. It involves hashing portions of the
// transaction based on the hash type byte (which is the final byte of the
// signature) and the portion of the script starting from the most recent
// OP_CODESEPARATOR (or the beginning of the script if there are none) to the
// end of the script (with any other OP_CODESEPARATORs removed). Once this
// "script hash" is calculated, the signature is checked using standard
// cryptographic methods against the provided public key.
//
// Stack transformation: [... signature pubkey] -> [... bool]
func opcodeCheckSig(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
pkBytes, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
fullSigBytes, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
// The signature actually needs needs to be longer than this, but at
// least 1 byte is needed for the hash type below. The full length is
// checked depending on the script flags and upon parsing the signature.
if len(fullSigBytes) < 1 {
vm.dstack.PushBool(false)
return nil
}
// Trim off hashtype from the signature string and check if the
// signature and pubkey conform to the strict encoding requirements
// depending on the flags.
//
// NOTE: When the strict encoding flags are set, any errors in the
// signature or public encoding here result in an immediate script error
// (and thus no result bool is pushed to the data stack). This differs
// from the logic below where any errors in parsing the signature is
// treated as the signature failure resulting in false being pushed to
// the data stack. This is required because the more general script
// validation consensus rules do not have the new strict encoding
// requirements enabled by the flags.
hashType := SigHashType(fullSigBytes[len(fullSigBytes)-1])
sigBytes := fullSigBytes[:len(fullSigBytes)-1]
if err := vm.checkHashTypeEncoding(hashType); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := vm.checkSignatureEncoding(sigBytes); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := vm.checkPubKeyEncoding(pkBytes); err != nil {
return err
}
// Get script starting from the most recent OP_CODESEPARATOR.
subScript := vm.subScript()
// Remove the signature since there is no way for a signature to sign
// itself.
subScript = removeOpcodeByData(subScript, fullSigBytes)
// Generate the signature hash based on the signature hash type.
hash := calcSignatureHash(subScript, hashType, &vm.tx, vm.txIdx)
pubKey, err := btcec.ParsePubKey(pkBytes, btcec.S256())
if err != nil {
vm.dstack.PushBool(false)
return nil
}
var signature *btcec.Signature
if vm.hasFlag(ScriptVerifyStrictEncoding) ||
vm.hasFlag(ScriptVerifyDERSignatures) {
signature, err = btcec.ParseDERSignature(sigBytes, btcec.S256())
} else {
signature, err = btcec.ParseSignature(sigBytes, btcec.S256())
}
if err != nil {
vm.dstack.PushBool(false)
return nil
}
var valid bool
if vm.sigCache != nil {
var sigHash chainhash.Hash
copy(sigHash[:], hash)
valid = vm.sigCache.Exists(sigHash, signature, pubKey)
if !valid && signature.Verify(hash, pubKey) {
vm.sigCache.Add(sigHash, signature, pubKey)
valid = true
}
} else {
valid = signature.Verify(hash, pubKey)
}
vm.dstack.PushBool(valid)
return nil
}
// opcodeCheckSigVerify is a combination of opcodeCheckSig and opcodeVerify.
// The opcodeCheckSig function is invoked followed by opcodeVerify. See the
// documentation for each of those opcodes for more details.
//
// Stack transformation: signature pubkey] -> [... bool] -> [...]
func opcodeCheckSigVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
err := opcodeCheckSig(op, vm)
if err == nil {
err = abstractVerify(op, vm, ErrCheckSigVerify)
}
return err
}
// parsedSigInfo houses a raw signature along with its parsed form and a flag
// for whether or not it has already been parsed. It is used to prevent parsing
// the same signature multiple times when verifying a multisig.
type parsedSigInfo struct {
signature []byte
parsedSignature *btcec.Signature
parsed bool
}
// opcodeCheckMultiSig treats the top item on the stack as an integer number of
// public keys, followed by that many entries as raw data representing the public
// keys, followed by the integer number of signatures, followed by that many
// entries as raw data representing the signatures.
//
// Due to a bug in the original Satoshi client implementation, an additional
// dummy argument is also required by the consensus rules, although it is not
// used. The dummy value SHOULD be an OP_0, although that is not required by
// the consensus rules. When the ScriptStrictMultiSig flag is set, it must be
// OP_0.
//
// All of the aforementioned stack items are replaced with a bool which
// indicates if the requisite number of signatures were successfully verified.
//
// See the opcodeCheckSigVerify documentation for more details about the process
// for verifying each signature.
//
// Stack transformation:
// [... dummy [sig ...] numsigs [pubkey ...] numpubkeys] -> [... bool]
func opcodeCheckMultiSig(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
numKeys, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
numPubKeys := int(numKeys.Int32())
if numPubKeys < 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("number of pubkeys %d is negative",
numPubKeys)
return scriptError(ErrInvalidPubKeyCount, str)
}
if numPubKeys > MaxPubKeysPerMultiSig {
str := fmt.Sprintf("too many pubkeys: %d > %d",
numPubKeys, MaxPubKeysPerMultiSig)
return scriptError(ErrInvalidPubKeyCount, str)
}
vm.numOps += numPubKeys
if vm.numOps > MaxOpsPerScript {
str := fmt.Sprintf("exceeded max operation limit of %d",
MaxOpsPerScript)
return scriptError(ErrTooManyOperations, str)
}
pubKeys := make([][]byte, 0, numPubKeys)
for i := 0; i < numPubKeys; i++ {
pubKey, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
pubKeys = append(pubKeys, pubKey)
}
numSigs, err := vm.dstack.PopInt()
if err != nil {
return err
}
numSignatures := int(numSigs.Int32())
if numSignatures < 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("number of signatures %d is negative",
numSignatures)
return scriptError(ErrInvalidSignatureCount, str)
}
if numSignatures > numPubKeys {
str := fmt.Sprintf("more signatures than pubkeys: %d > %d",
numSignatures, numPubKeys)
return scriptError(ErrInvalidSignatureCount, str)
}
signatures := make([]*parsedSigInfo, 0, numSignatures)
for i := 0; i < numSignatures; i++ {
signature, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
sigInfo := &parsedSigInfo{signature: signature}
signatures = append(signatures, sigInfo)
}
// A bug in the original Satoshi client implementation means one more
// stack value than should be used must be popped. Unfortunately, this
// buggy behavior is now part of the consensus and a hard fork would be
// required to fix it.
dummy, err := vm.dstack.PopByteArray()
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Since the dummy argument is otherwise not checked, it could be any
// value which unfortunately provides a source of malleability. Thus,
// there is a script flag to force an error when the value is NOT 0.
if vm.hasFlag(ScriptStrictMultiSig) && len(dummy) != 0 {
str := fmt.Sprintf("multisig dummy argument has length %d "+
"instead of 0", len(dummy))
return scriptError(ErrSigNullDummy, str)
}
// Get script starting from the most recent OP_CODESEPARATOR.
script := vm.subScript()
// Remove any of the signatures since there is no way for a signature to
// sign itself.
for _, sigInfo := range signatures {
script = removeOpcodeByData(script, sigInfo.signature)
}
success := true
numPubKeys++
pubKeyIdx := -1
signatureIdx := 0
for numSignatures > 0 {
// When there are more signatures than public keys remaining,
// there is no way to succeed since too many signatures are
// invalid, so exit early.
pubKeyIdx++
numPubKeys--
if numSignatures > numPubKeys {
success = false
break
}
sigInfo := signatures[signatureIdx]
pubKey := pubKeys[pubKeyIdx]
// The order of the signature and public key evaluation is
// important here since it can be distinguished by an
// OP_CHECKMULTISIG NOT when the strict encoding flag is set.
rawSig := sigInfo.signature
if len(rawSig) == 0 {
// Skip to the next pubkey if signature is empty.
continue
}
// Split the signature into hash type and signature components.
hashType := SigHashType(rawSig[len(rawSig)-1])
signature := rawSig[:len(rawSig)-1]
// Only parse and check the signature encoding once.
var parsedSig *btcec.Signature
if !sigInfo.parsed {
if err := vm.checkHashTypeEncoding(hashType); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := vm.checkSignatureEncoding(signature); err != nil {
return err
}
// Parse the signature.
var err error
if vm.hasFlag(ScriptVerifyStrictEncoding) ||
vm.hasFlag(ScriptVerifyDERSignatures) {
parsedSig, err = btcec.ParseDERSignature(signature,
btcec.S256())
} else {
parsedSig, err = btcec.ParseSignature(signature,
btcec.S256())
}
sigInfo.parsed = true
if err != nil {
continue
}
sigInfo.parsedSignature = parsedSig
} else {
// Skip to the next pubkey if the signature is invalid.
if sigInfo.parsedSignature == nil {
continue
}
// Use the already parsed signature.
parsedSig = sigInfo.parsedSignature
}
if err := vm.checkPubKeyEncoding(pubKey); err != nil {
return err
}
// Parse the pubkey.
parsedPubKey, err := btcec.ParsePubKey(pubKey, btcec.S256())
if err != nil {
continue
}
// Generate the signature hash based on the signature hash type.
hash := calcSignatureHash(script, hashType, &vm.tx, vm.txIdx)
var valid bool
if vm.sigCache != nil {
var sigHash chainhash.Hash
copy(sigHash[:], hash)
valid = vm.sigCache.Exists(sigHash, parsedSig, parsedPubKey)
if !valid && parsedSig.Verify(hash, parsedPubKey) {
vm.sigCache.Add(sigHash, parsedSig, parsedPubKey)
valid = true
}
} else {
valid = parsedSig.Verify(hash, parsedPubKey)
}
if valid {
// PubKey verified, move on to the next signature.
signatureIdx++
numSignatures--
}
}
vm.dstack.PushBool(success)
return nil
}
// opcodeCheckMultiSigVerify is a combination of opcodeCheckMultiSig and
// opcodeVerify. The opcodeCheckMultiSig is invoked followed by opcodeVerify.
// See the documentation for each of those opcodes for more details.
//
// Stack transformation:
// [... dummy [sig ...] numsigs [pubkey ...] numpubkeys] -> [... bool] -> [...]
func opcodeCheckMultiSigVerify(op *parsedOpcode, vm *Engine) error {
err := opcodeCheckMultiSig(op, vm)
if err == nil {
err = abstractVerify(op, vm, ErrCheckMultiSigVerify)
}
return err
}
// OpcodeByName is a map that can be used to lookup an opcode by its
// human-readable name (OP_CHECKMULTISIG, OP_CHECKSIG, etc).
var OpcodeByName = make(map[string]byte)
func init() {
// Initialize the opcode name to value map using the contents of the
// opcode array. Also add entries for "OP_FALSE", "OP_TRUE", and
// "OP_NOP2" since they are aliases for "OP_0", "OP_1",
// and "OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY" respectively.
for _, op := range opcodeArray {
OpcodeByName[op.name] = op.value
}
OpcodeByName["OP_FALSE"] = OP_FALSE
OpcodeByName["OP_TRUE"] = OP_TRUE
OpcodeByName["OP_NOP2"] = OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY
OpcodeByName["OP_NOP3"] = OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY
}
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