btcd/common_test.go

// Copyright (c) 2013 Conformal Systems LLC.
// Use of this source code is governed by an ISC
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package btcwire_test

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/conformal/btcwire"
	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
	"io"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"testing"
)

// fakeRandReader implements the io.Reader interface and is used to force
// errors in the RandomUint64 function.
type fakeRandReader struct {
	n   int
	err error
}

// Read returns the fake reader error and the lesser of the fake reader value
// and the length of p.
func (r *fakeRandReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
	n := r.n
	if n > len(p) {
		n = len(p)
	}
	return n, r.err
}

// TestElementWire tests wire encode and decode for various element types.  This
// is mainly to test the "fast" paths in readElement and writeElement which use
// type assertions to avoid reflection when possible.
func TestElementWire(t *testing.T) {
	type writeElementReflect int32

	tests := []struct {
		in  interface{} // Value to encode
		buf []byte      // Wire encoding
	}{
		{int32(1), []byte{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}},
		{uint32(256), []byte{0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00}},
		{
			int64(65536),
			[]byte{0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
		},
		{
			uint64(4294967296),
			[]byte{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
		},
		{
			[4]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04},
			[]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04},
		},
		{
			[btcwire.CommandSize]byte{
				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
				0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c,
			},
			[]byte{
				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
				0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c,
			},
		},
		{
			[16]byte{
				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
				0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10,
			},
			[]byte{
				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
				0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10,
			},
		},
		{
			(*btcwire.ShaHash)(&[btcwire.HashSize]byte{ // Make go vet happy.
				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
				0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10,
				0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18,
				0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20,
			}),
			[]byte{
				0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
				0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10,
				0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18,
				0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20,
			},
		},
		{
			btcwire.ServiceFlag(btcwire.SFNodeNetwork),
			[]byte{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
		},
		{
			btcwire.InvType(btcwire.InvTypeTx),
			[]byte{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
		},
		{
			btcwire.BitcoinNet(btcwire.MainNet),
			[]byte{0xf9, 0xbe, 0xb4, 0xd9},
		},
		// Type not supported by the "fast" path and requires reflection.
		{
			writeElementReflect(1),
			[]byte{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
		},
	}

	t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(tests))
	for i, test := range tests {
		// Write to wire format.
		var buf bytes.Buffer
		err := btcwire.TstWriteElement(&buf, test.in)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("writeElement #%d error %v", i, err)
			continue
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(buf.Bytes(), test.buf) {
			t.Errorf("writeElement #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i,
				spew.Sdump(buf.Bytes()), spew.Sdump(test.buf))
			continue
		}

		// Read from wire format.
		rbuf := bytes.NewBuffer(test.buf)
		val := test.in
		if reflect.ValueOf(test.in).Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
			val = reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(test.in)).Interface()
		}
		err = btcwire.TstReadElement(rbuf, val)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("readElement #%d error %v", i, err)
			continue
		}
		ival := val
		if reflect.ValueOf(test.in).Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
			ival = reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(val)).Interface()
		}
		if !reflect.DeepEqual(ival, test.in) {
			t.Errorf("readElement #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i,
				spew.Sdump(ival), spew.Sdump(test.in))
			continue
		}
	}
}

// TestVarIntWire tests wire encode and decode for variable length integers.
func TestVarIntWire(t *testing.T) {
	pver := btcwire.ProtocolVersion

	tests := []struct {
		in   uint64 // Value to encode
		out  uint64 // Expected decoded value
		buf  []byte // Wire encoding
		pver uint32 // Protocol version for wire encoding
	}{
		// Latest protocol version.
		// Single byte
		{0, 0, []byte{0x00}, pver},
		// Max single byte
		{0xfc, 0xfc, []byte{0xfc}, pver},
		// Min 2-byte
		{0xfd, 0xfd, []byte{0xfd, 0x0fd, 0x00}, pver},
		// Max 2-byte
		{0xffff, 0xffff, []byte{0xfd, 0xff, 0xff}, pver},
		// Min 4-byte
		{0x10000, 0x10000, []byte{0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00}, pver},
		// Max 4-byte
		{0xffffffff, 0xffffffff, []byte{0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}, pver},
		// Min 8-byte
		{
			0x100000000, 0x100000000,
			[]byte{0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
			pver,
		},
		// Max 8-byte
		{
			0xffffffffffffffff, 0xffffffffffffffff,
			[]byte{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff},
			pver,
		},
	}

	t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(tests))
	for i, test := range tests {
		// Encode to wire format.
		var buf bytes.Buffer
		err := btcwire.TstWriteVarInt(&buf, test.pver, test.in)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("writeVarInt #%d error %v", i, err)
			continue
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(buf.Bytes(), test.buf) {
			t.Errorf("writeVarInt #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i,
				spew.Sdump(buf.Bytes()), spew.Sdump(test.buf))
			continue
		}

		// Decode from wire format.
		rbuf := bytes.NewBuffer(test.buf)
		val, err := btcwire.TstReadVarInt(rbuf, test.pver)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("readVarInt #%d error %v", i, err)
			continue
		}
		if val != test.out {
			t.Errorf("readVarInt #%d\n got: %d want: %d", i,
				val, test.out)
			continue
		}
	}
}

// TestVarIntWireErrors performs negative tests against wire encode and decode
// of variable length integers to confirm error paths work correctly.
func TestVarIntWireErrors(t *testing.T) {
	pver := btcwire.ProtocolVersion

	tests := []struct {
		in       uint64 // Value to encode
		buf      []byte // Wire encoding
		pver     uint32 // Protocol version for wire encoding
		max      int    // Max size of fixed buffer to induce errors
		writeErr error  // Expected write error
		readErr  error  // Expected read error
	}{
		// Force errors on discriminant.
		{0, []byte{0x00}, pver, 0, io.ErrShortWrite, io.EOF},
		// Force errors on 2-byte read/write.
		{0xfd, []byte{0xfd}, pver, 2, io.ErrShortWrite, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF},
		// Force errors on 4-byte read/write.
		{0x10000, []byte{0xfe}, pver, 2, io.ErrShortWrite, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF},
		// Force errors on 8-byte read/write.
		{0x100000000, []byte{0xff}, pver, 2, io.ErrShortWrite, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF},
	}

	t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(tests))
	for i, test := range tests {
		// Encode to wire format.
		w := newFixedWriter(test.max)
		err := btcwire.TstWriteVarInt(w, test.pver, test.in)
		if err != test.writeErr {
			t.Errorf("writeVarInt #%d wrong error got: %v, want: %v",
				i, err, test.writeErr)
			continue
		}

		// Decode from wire format.
		r := newFixedReader(test.max, test.buf)
		_, err = btcwire.TstReadVarInt(r, test.pver)
		if err != test.readErr {
			t.Errorf("readVarInt #%d wrong error got: %v, want: %v",
				i, err, test.readErr)
			continue
		}
	}
}

// TestVarIntWire tests the serialize size for variable length integers.
func TestVarIntSerializeSize(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		val  uint64 // Value to get the serialized size for
		size int    // Expected serialized size
	}{
		// Single byte
		{0, 1},
		// Max single byte
		{0xfc, 1},
		// Min 2-byte
		{0xfd, 3},
		// Max 2-byte
		{0xffff, 3},
		// Min 4-byte
		{0x10000, 5},
		// Max 4-byte
		{0xffffffff, 5},
		// Min 8-byte
		{0x100000000, 9},
		// Max 8-byte
		{0xffffffffffffffff, 9},
	}

	t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(tests))
	for i, test := range tests {
		serializedSize := btcwire.TstVarIntSerializeSize(test.val)
		if serializedSize != test.size {
			t.Errorf("varIntSerializeSize #%d got: %d, want: %d", i,
				serializedSize, test.size)
			continue
		}
	}
}

// TestVarStringWire tests wire encode and decode for variable length strings.
func TestVarStringWire(t *testing.T) {
	pver := btcwire.ProtocolVersion

	// str256 is a string that takes a 2-byte varint to encode.
	str256 := strings.Repeat("test", 64)

	tests := []struct {
		in   string // String to encode
		out  string // String to decoded value
		buf  []byte // Wire encoding
		pver uint32 // Protocol version for wire encoding
	}{
		// Latest protocol version.
		// Empty string
		{"", "", []byte{0x00}, pver},
		// Single byte varint + string
		{"Test", "Test", append([]byte{0x04}, []byte("Test")...), pver},
		// 2-byte varint + string
		{str256, str256, append([]byte{0xfd, 0x00, 0x01}, []byte(str256)...), pver},
	}

	t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(tests))
	for i, test := range tests {
		// Encode to wire format.
		var buf bytes.Buffer
		err := btcwire.TstWriteVarString(&buf, test.pver, test.in)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("writeVarString #%d error %v", i, err)
			continue
		}
		if !bytes.Equal(buf.Bytes(), test.buf) {
			t.Errorf("writeVarString #%d\n got: %s want: %s", i,
				spew.Sdump(buf.Bytes()), spew.Sdump(test.buf))
			continue
		}

		// Decode from wire format.
		rbuf := bytes.NewBuffer(test.buf)
		val, err := btcwire.TstReadVarString(rbuf, test.pver)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("readVarString #%d error %v", i, err)
			continue
		}
		if val != test.out {
			t.Errorf("readVarString #%d\n got: %d want: %d", i,
				val, test.out)
			continue
		}
	}
}

// TestVarStringWireErrors performs negative tests against wire encode and
// decode of variable length strings to confirm error paths work correctly.
func TestVarStringWireErrors(t *testing.T) {
	pver := btcwire.ProtocolVersion

	// str256 is a string that takes a 2-byte varint to encode.
	str256 := strings.Repeat("test", 64)

	tests := []struct {
		in       string // Value to encode
		buf      []byte // Wire encoding
		pver     uint32 // Protocol version for wire encoding
		max      int    // Max size of fixed buffer to induce errors
		writeErr error  // Expected write error
		readErr  error  // Expected read error
	}{
		// Latest protocol version with intentional read/write errors.
		// Force errors on empty string.
		{"", []byte{0x00}, pver, 0, io.ErrShortWrite, io.EOF},
		// Force error on single byte varint + string.
		{"Test", []byte{0x04}, pver, 2, io.ErrShortWrite, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF},
		// Force errors on 2-byte varint + string.
		{str256, []byte{0xfd}, pver, 2, io.ErrShortWrite, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF},
	}

	t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(tests))
	for i, test := range tests {
		// Encode to wire format.
		w := newFixedWriter(test.max)
		err := btcwire.TstWriteVarString(w, test.pver, test.in)
		if err != test.writeErr {
			t.Errorf("writeVarString #%d wrong error got: %v, want: %v",
				i, err, test.writeErr)
			continue
		}

		// Decode from wire format.
		r := newFixedReader(test.max, test.buf)
		_, err = btcwire.TstReadVarString(r, test.pver)
		if err != test.readErr {
			t.Errorf("readVarString #%d wrong error got: %v, want: %v",
				i, err, test.readErr)
			continue
		}
	}
}

// TestVarStringOverflowErrors performs tests to ensure deserializing variable
// length strings intentionally crafted to use large values for the string
// length are handled properly.  This could otherwise potentially be used as an
// attack vector.
func TestVarStringOverflowErrors(t *testing.T) {
	pver := btcwire.ProtocolVersion

	tests := []struct {
		buf  []byte // Wire encoding
		pver uint32 // Protocol version for wire encoding
		err  error  // Expected error
	}{
		{[]byte{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff},
			pver, &btcwire.MessageError{}},
		{[]byte{0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01},
			pver, &btcwire.MessageError{}},
	}

	t.Logf("Running %d tests", len(tests))
	for i, test := range tests {
		// Decode from wire format.
		rbuf := bytes.NewBuffer(test.buf)
		_, err := btcwire.TstReadVarString(rbuf, test.pver)
		if reflect.TypeOf(err) != reflect.TypeOf(test.err) {
			t.Errorf("readVarString #%d wrong error got: %v, "+
				"want: %v", i, err, reflect.TypeOf(test.err))
			continue
		}
	}

}

// TestRandomUint64 exercises the randomness of the random number generator on
// the system by ensuring the probability of the generated numbers.  If the RNG
// is evenly distributed as a proper cryptographic RNG should be, there really
// should only be 1 number < 2^56 in 2^8 tries for a 64-bit number.  However,
// use a higher number of 5 to really ensure the test doesn't fail unless the
// RNG is just horrendous.
func TestRandomUint64(t *testing.T) {
	tries := 1 << 8              // 2^8
	watermark := uint64(1 << 56) // 2^56
	maxHits := 5
	badRNG := "The random number generator on this system is clearly " +
		"terrible since we got %d values less than %d in %d runs " +
		"when only %d was expected"

	numHits := 0
	for i := 0; i < tries; i++ {
		nonce, err := btcwire.RandomUint64()
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("RandomUint64 iteration %d failed - err %v",
				i, err)
			return
		}
		if nonce < watermark {
			numHits++
		}
		if numHits > maxHits {
			str := fmt.Sprintf(badRNG, numHits, watermark, tries, maxHits)
			t.Errorf("Random Uint64 iteration %d failed - %v %v", i,
				str, numHits)
			return
		}
	}
}

// TestRandomUint64Errors uses a fake reader to force error paths to be executed
// and checks the results accordingly.
func TestRandomUint64Errors(t *testing.T) {
	// Test short reads.
	fr := &fakeRandReader{n: 2, err: nil}
	nonce, err := btcwire.TstRandomUint64(fr)
	if err != io.ErrShortBuffer {
		t.Errorf("TestRandomUint64Fails: Error not expected value of %v [%v]",
			io.ErrShortBuffer, err)
	}
	if nonce != 0 {
		t.Errorf("TestRandomUint64Fails: nonce is not 0 [%v]", nonce)
	}

	// Test err with full read.
	fr = &fakeRandReader{n: 20, err: io.ErrClosedPipe}
	nonce, err = btcwire.TstRandomUint64(fr)
	if err != io.ErrClosedPipe {
		t.Errorf("TestRandomUint64Fails: Error not expected value of %v [%v]",
			io.ErrClosedPipe, err)
	}
	if nonce != 0 {
		t.Errorf("TestRandomUint64Fails: nonce is not 0 [%v]", nonce)
	}
}