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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>HD Key Generation · bitcoin-s</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="In modern Bitcoin wallets, users only need to write down"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="next"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="HD Key Generation · bitcoin-s"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://bitcoin-s.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="In modern Bitcoin wallets, users only need to write down"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://bitcoin-s.org/img/undraw_online.svg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://bitcoin-s.org/img/undraw_tweetstorm.svg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/default.min.css"/><script>
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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s/blob/master/docs/core/hd-keys.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">HD Key Generation</h1></header><article><div><span><p>In modern Bitcoin wallets, users only need to write down
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a sequence of words, and that sequence is a complete backup
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of their wallet. This is thanks to what's called Hierarchical
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Deterministic key generation. In short, every wallet using HD
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key generation has a root seed for each wallet, and this
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seed can be used to generate an arbitrary amount of later
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private and public keys. This is done in a standardized manner,
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so different wallets can operate with the same standard.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>If you want to jump into the details of how this work,
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you should check out
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<a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki">BIP 32</a>.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Bitcoin-S supports generating keys in this fashion. Here's a
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full example of how to obtain a wallet seed, and then
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use that to generate further private and public keys:</p>
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<pre><code class="hljs css language-scala"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> scodec.bits._
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<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.crypto._
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<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.hd._
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<span class="hljs-comment">// the length of the entropy bit vector determine</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// how long our phrase ends up being</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// 256 bits of entropy results in 24 words</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> entropy: <span class="hljs-type">BitVector</span> = <span class="hljs-type">MnemonicCode</span>.getEntropy256Bits
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<span class="hljs-comment">// entropy: BitVector = BitVector(256 bits, 0xcb70ebb788082c9fc5ce32f18a722e0a56ed9b3e6bf7e629a0abc393dd632035)</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> mnemonicCode = <span class="hljs-type">MnemonicCode</span>.fromEntropy(entropy)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// mnemonicCode: MnemonicCode = Masked(MnemonicCodeImpl)</span>
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mnemonicCode.words <span class="hljs-comment">// the phrase the user should write down</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// res0: Vector[String] = Vector(slice, mansion, unknown, avoid, lizard, exit, blame, shock, various, fatal, merit, believe, human, snow, whale, leave, tower, escape, cliff, mango, differ, ranch, liar, saddle)</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// the password argument is an optional, extra security</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// measure. all MnemonicCode instances will give you a</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// valid BIP39 seed, but different passwords will give</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// you different seeds. So you could have as many wallets</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// from the same seed as you'd like, by simply giving them</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// different passwords.</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> bip39Seed = <span class="hljs-type">BIP39Seed</span>.fromMnemonic(mnemonicCode,
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password = <span class="hljs-string">"secret password"</span>)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// bip39Seed: BIP39Seed = Masked(BIP39SeedImpl)</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> xpriv = <span class="hljs-type">ExtPrivateKey</span>.fromBIP39Seed(<span class="hljs-type">ExtKeyVersion</span>.<span class="hljs-type">SegWitMainNetPriv</span>,
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bip39Seed)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// xpriv: ExtPrivateKey = Masked(ExtPrivateKeyImpl)</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> xpub = xpriv.extPublicKey
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<span class="hljs-comment">// xpub: ExtPublicKey = zpub6jftahH18ngZwYgeNJ8KtVfm56L8gqPwgrQN3HFGC7Ze56gQhJKa2sKYwdiMkVY6edzM1J7ERdAxZb6nR8FgCuSFZ3dKtxu9c5w3ZqDX3cf</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// you can now use the generated xpriv to derive further</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// private or public keys</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// this can be done with BIP89 paths (called SegWitHDPath in bitcoin-s)</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> segwitPath = <span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span>.fromString(<span class="hljs-string">"m/84'/0'/0'/0/0"</span>)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// segwitPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/0</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// alternatively:</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> otherSegwitPath =
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<span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span>(<span class="hljs-type">HDCoinType</span>.<span class="hljs-type">Bitcoin</span>,
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accountIndex = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>,
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<span class="hljs-type">HDChainType</span>.<span class="hljs-type">External</span>,
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addressIndex = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// otherSegwitPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/0</span>
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segwitPath == otherSegwitPath
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<span class="hljs-comment">// res1: Boolean = true</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// there's also paths available for legacy</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// addresses (LegacyHDPath) as well as nested</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// segwit paths (NestedSegWitPath)</span>
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</code></pre>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="generating-new-addresses-without-having-access-to-the-private-key"></a><a href="#generating-new-addresses-without-having-access-to-the-private-key" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Generating new addresses without having access to the private key</h2>
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<p>One the coolest features of HD wallets is that it's possible
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to generate addresses offline, without having access to the
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private keys. This feature is commonly called watch-only
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wallets, where a wallet can import information about all
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your past and future transactions, without being able to
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spend or steal any of your money.</p>
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<p>Let's see an example of this:</p>
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<pre><code class="hljs css language-scala"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> scala.util.<span class="hljs-type">Success</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.protocol.script._
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<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.protocol.<span class="hljs-type">Bech32Address</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.config.<span class="hljs-type">TestNet3</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// first account -------┐</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// bitcoin ----------┐ |</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// segwit --------┐ | |</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> accountPath = <span class="hljs-type">BIP32Path</span>.fromString(<span class="hljs-string">"m/84'/0'/0'"</span>)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// accountPath: BIP32Path = m/84'/0'/0'</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> accountXpub = {
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<span class="hljs-comment">// this key is sensitive, keep away from prying eyes!</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> accountXpriv = xpriv.deriveChildPrivKey(accountPath)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// this key is not sufficient to spend from, but we</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// can generate addresses with it!</span>
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accountXpriv.extPublicKey
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}
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<span class="hljs-comment">// accountXpub: ExtPublicKey = zpub6s2hNNKA28NiUSmwktEXtijvgkQ4Z6hqWBRMWvZ96cLD8wiDZebzNTHGuhsNTf9k64qAqE5WaomDbjxf1Hd1kgwZ4VonVNCk5X8c7UM1A8X</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// address no. 0 ---------------┐</span>
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<span class="hljs-comment">// external address ----------┐ |</span>
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<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> firstAddressPath = <span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span>.fromString(<span class="hljs-string">"m/84'/0'/0'/0/0"</span>)
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<span class="hljs-comment">// firstAddressPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/0</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> firstAccountAddress = {
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// this is a bit quirky, but we're not interesting in</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// deriving the complete path from our account xpub</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// instead, we're only interested in the part after</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// the account level (3rd level). the .diff() method</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// achieves that</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> <span class="hljs-type">Some</span>(pathDiff) = accountPath.diff(firstAddressPath)
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// deriving public keys from hardened extended keys</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// is not possible, that's why .deriveChildPubKey()</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// returns a Try[ExtPublicKey]. A hardened key is marked</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// by a ' after the number in the notation we use above.</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> <span class="hljs-type">Success</span>(extPubKey) = accountXpub.deriveChildPubKey(pathDiff)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> pubkey = extPubKey.key
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> scriptPubKey = <span class="hljs-type">P2WPKHWitnessSPKV0</span>(pubkey)
|
||
<span class="hljs-type">Bech32Address</span>(scriptPubKey, <span class="hljs-type">TestNet3</span>)
|
||
}
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// firstAccountAddress: Bech32Address = tb1qrccnq22dvk3t07tld9z7pvgc38uf8unhp9aezk</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// tada! We just generated an address you can send money to,</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// without having access to the private key!</span>
|
||
firstAccountAddress.value
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// res2: String = tb1qrccnq22dvk3t07tld9z7pvgc38uf8unhp9aezk</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// you can now continue deriving addresses from the same public</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// key, by imitating what we did above. To get the next</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// HD path to generate an address at:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> nextAddressPath: <span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span> = firstAddressPath.next
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// nextAddressPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/1</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="signing-things-with-hd-keys"></a><a href="#signing-things-with-hd-keys" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Signing things with HD keys</h3>
|
||
<p>Please see <a href="/docs/next/crypto/sign">sign.md</a> for information on how to sign things with HD keys.</p>
|
||
</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/core/addresses"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Generating Addresses</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/core/adding-spks"><span>Adding New Script Types</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#generating-new-addresses-without-having-access-to-the-private-key">Generating new addresses without having access to the private key</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#signing-things-with-hd-keys">Signing things with HD keys</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/favicon.ico" alt="bitcoin-s" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/en/getting-started">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/en/core/core-intro">Guides</a><a href="/api/org/bitcoins">API Reference</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="https://join.slack.com/t/suredbits/shared_invite/zt-eavycu0x-WQL7XOakzQo8tAy7jHHZUw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Slack</a><a href="https://gitter.im/bitcoin-s-core/">Gitter chat</a></div><div><h5>More</h5><a href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s">GitHub</a><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s" data-icon="octicon-star" data-count-href="/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s-core/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">Star</a></div></section><section class="copyright">Copyright © 2025 Suredbits & the bitcoin-s developers</section></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>
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