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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s/blob/master/docs/core/core-intro.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Core module</h1></header><article><div><span><p>The <code>core</code> module is the core (duh!) functionality of Bitcoin-S. The goal is to provide basic
data structures that are found in the Bitcoin and Lightning protocols while
minimizing external depedencies for security purposes. We aim to have an extremely
high level of test coverage in this module to flesh out bugs. We use property based
testing heavily in this library to ensure high quality of code.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="the-basics"></a><a href="#the-basics" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>The basics</h2>
<p>Every bitcoin protocol data structure (and some other data structures) extends <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/NetworkElement"><code>NetworkElement</code></a>. <code>NetworkElement</code> provides methods to convert the data structure to hex or byte representation. When paired with <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/util/Factory"><code>Factory</code></a> we can easily serialize and deserialize data structures.</p>
<p>Most data structures have companion objects that extends <code>Factory</code> to be able to easily create protocol data structures. An example of this is the <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/script/ScriptPubKey"><code>ScriptPubKey</code></a> companion object. You can use this companion object to create a <code>ScriptPubKey</code> from a hex string or a byte array.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="main-modules-in-core"></a><a href="#main-modules-in-core" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Main modules in <code>core</code></h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol"><code>protocol</code></a> - basic protocol data structures. Useful for serializing/deserializing things</li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/crypto"><code>crypto</code></a> - cryptograhic functionality used in Bitcoin and Lightning</li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/script"><code>script</code></a> - an implementation of <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script">Script</a> - the programming language in Bitcoin</li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/wallet"><code>wallet</code></a> - implements signing logic for Bitcoin transactions. This module is not named well as there is <strong>NO</strong> functionality to persist wallet state to disk as it stands. This will most likely be renamed in the future.</li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/config"><code>config</code></a> - Contains information about a chain's genesis block and DNS seeds</li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/number"><code>number</code></a> - Implements number types that are native in C, i.e. <code>UInt8</code>, <code>UInt32</code>, <code>UInt64</code>, etc.</li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/currency"><code>currency</code></a> - Implements currency units in the Bitcoin protocol</li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/bloom"><code>bloom</code></a> - Implements <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter">Bloom filters</a> and <a href="https://bitcoin.org/en/glossary/merkle-block">merkle blocks</a> needed for <a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0037.mediawiki">BIP37</a></li>
<li><a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/hd"><code>hd</code></a> - Contains implementations of hierarchical deterministic (HD) paths, that when combined with <code>ExtPrivKey</code> and <code>ExtPubKey</code> in <code>crypto</code> can implement BIP32, BIP44, BIP49 and BIP84.</li>
</ol>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="examples"></a><a href="#examples" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Examples</h2>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="serializing-and-deserializing-a-transaction"></a><a href="#serializing-and-deserializing-a-transaction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Serializing and deserializing a <code>Transaction</code></h3>
<p>Here is an example scala console session with bitcoins-core</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-scala"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.protocol.transaction._
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> hexTx = <span class="hljs-string">"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"</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// hexTx: String = 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</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> tx = <span class="hljs-type">Transaction</span>.fromHex(hexTx)
<span class="hljs-comment">// tx: Transaction = BaseTransactionImpl(Int32Impl(1),Vector(TransactionInputImpl(TransactionOutPoint(4d6da9420d472b6b52c36eee132d87448bf160d8839a58afdd2add6f6adfc8d8:0),P2PKHScriptSignature(ECPublicKey(04c54f8ea9507f31a05ae325616e3024bd9878cb0a5dff780444002d731577be4e2e69c663ff2da922902a4454841aa1754c1b6292ad7d317150308d8cce0ad7ab), ECDigitalSignature(3045022100b31557e47191936cb14e013fb421b1860b5e4fd5d2bc5ec1938f4ffb1651dc8902202661c2920771fd29dd91cd4100cefb971269836da4914d970d333861819265ba01)),UInt32Impl(4294967295)), TransactionInputImpl(TransactionOutPoint(b220a19ba645c021f0cf501435fd6c3b4db960325d0834612612a5684ffab32a:0),P2PKHScriptSignature(ECPublicKey(04c6ec27cffce0823c3fecb162dbd576c88dd7cda0b7b32b0961188a392b488c94ca174d833ee6a9b71c0996620ae71e799fc7c77901db147fa7d97732e49c8226), ECDigitalSignature(30450220230110bc99ef311f1f8bda9d0d968bfe5dfa4af171adbef9ef71678d658823bf022100f956d4fcfa0995a578d84e7e913f9bb1cf5b5be1440bcede07bce9cd5b38115d01)),UInt32Impl(4294967295))),Vector(TransactionOutput(39000000 sats,P2PKHScriptPubKeyImpl(Sha256Hash160DigestImpl(a3d89c53bb956f08917b44d113c6b2bcbe0c29b7))), TransactionOutput(155000000 sats,P2PKHScriptPubKeyImpl(Sha256Hash160DigestImpl(08338e1d5e26db3fce21b011795b1c3c8a5a5d07)))),UInt32Impl(0))</span>
tx.hex == hexTx
<span class="hljs-comment">// res0: Boolean = true</span>
</code></pre>
<p>This gives us an example of a hex encoded Bitcoin transaction that is deserialized to a native Scala object called a <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/transaction/Transaction"><code>Transaction</code></a>. You could also serialize the transaction to bytes using <code>tx.bytes</code> instead of <code>tx.hex</code>. These methods are available on every data structure that extends NetworkElement, like <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/crypto/ECPrivateKey"><code>ECPrivateKey</code></a>, <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/script/ScriptPubKey"><code>ScriptPubKey</code></a>, <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/script/ScriptWitness"><code>ScriptWitness</code></a>, and <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/blockchain/Block"><code>Block</code></a>.</p>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="generating-a-bip39-mnemonic-phrase-and-an-xpriv"></a><a href="#generating-a-bip39-mnemonic-phrase-and-an-xpriv" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Generating a BIP39 mnemonic phrase and an <code>xpriv</code></h4>
<p>See our <a href="hd-keys">HD example</a></p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="building-a-signed-transaction"></a><a href="#building-a-signed-transaction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Building a signed transaction</h3>
<p>Bitcoin Core supports building unsigned transactions and then signing them with a set of private keys. The first important thing to look at is <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/wallet/utxo/UTXOSpendingInfo"><code>UTXOSpendingInfo</code></a>. This contains all of the information needed to create a validly signed <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/script/ScriptSignature"><code>ScriptSignature</code></a> that spends this output.</p>
<p>Our <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/wallet/builder/TxBuilder"><code>TxBuilder</code></a> class requires you to provide the following:</p>
<ol>
<li><code>destinations</code> - the places we are sending bitcoin to. These are <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/protocol/transaction/TransactionOutput">TransactionOutputs</a> you are sending coins too</li>
<li><code>utxos</code> - these are the <a href="/api/org/bitcoins/core/wallet/utxo/UTXOSpendingInfo">UTXOs</a> used to fund your transaction. These must exist in your wallet, and you must know how to spend them (i.e. have the private key)</li>
<li><code>feeRate</code> - the fee rate you want to pay for this transaction</li>
<li><code>changeSPK</code> - where the change (i.e. <code>creditingAmount - destinationAmount - fee</code>) from the transaction will be sent</li>
<li><code>network</code> - the network(/api/org/bitcoins/core/config/NetworkParameters) we are transacting on</li>
</ol>
<p>After providing this information, you can generate a validly signed bitcoin transaction by calling the <code>sign</code> method.</p>
<p>To see a complete example of this, see <a href="/docs/core/txbuilder">our <code>TxBuilder</code> example</a></p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="verifying-a-transactions-script-is-valid-does-not-check-if-utxo-is-valid"></a><a href="#verifying-a-transactions-script-is-valid-does-not-check-if-utxo-is-valid" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Verifying a transaction's script is valid (does not check if UTXO is valid)</h3>
<p>Transactions are run through the interpreter to check their validity. These are packaged up into an object called <code>ScriptProgram</code>, which contains the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>The transaction that is being checked</li>
<li>The specific input index that it is checking</li>
<li>The <code>scriptPubKey</code> for the crediting transaction</li>
<li>The flags used to verify the script</li>
</ul>
<p>Here is an example of a transaction spending a <code>scriptPubKey</code> which is correctly evaluated with our interpreter implementation:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-scala"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.protocol.script._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.protocol.transaction._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.script._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.script.interpreter._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.policy._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.number._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.crypto._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.currency._
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> spendingTx = <span class="hljs-type">Transaction</span>.fromHex(<span class="hljs-string">"0100000001ccf318f0cbac588a680bbad075aebdda1f211c94ba28125b0f627f9248310db3000000006b4830450221008337ce3ce0c6ac0ab72509f889c1d52701817a2362d6357457b63e3bdedc0c0602202908963b9cf1a095ab3b34b95ce2bc0d67fb0f19be1cc5f7b3de0b3a325629bf01210241d746ca08da0a668735c3e01c1fa02045f2f399c5937079b6434b5a31dfe353ffffffff0210335d05000000001976a914b1d7591b69e9def0feb13254bace942923c7922d88ac48030000000000001976a9145e690c865c2f6f7a9710a474154ab1423abb5b9288ac00000000"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> scriptPubKey = <span class="hljs-type">ScriptPubKey</span>.fromAsmHex(<span class="hljs-string">"76a91431a420903c05a0a7de2de40c9f02ebedbacdc17288ac"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> output = <span class="hljs-type">TransactionOutput</span>(<span class="hljs-type">CurrencyUnits</span>.zero, scriptPubKey)
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> inputIndex = <span class="hljs-type">UInt32</span>.zero
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> btxsc = <span class="hljs-type">BaseTxSigComponent</span>(spendingTx,inputIndex,output,<span class="hljs-type">Policy</span>.standardScriptVerifyFlags)
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> preExecution = <span class="hljs-type">PreExecutionScriptProgram</span>(btxsc)
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-scala"><span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> result = <span class="hljs-type">ScriptInterpreter</span>.run(preExecution)
<span class="hljs-comment">// result: org.bitcoins.core.script.result.ScriptResult = ScriptOk</span>
</code></pre>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 2020-2-4 by rorp</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/getting-started"><span class="arrow-prev"></span><span>Add Bitcoin-S to your project</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/core/addresses"><span>Generating addresses</span><span class="arrow-next"></span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#the-basics">The basics</a></li><li><a href="#main-modules-in-core">Main modules in <code>core</code></a></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#serializing-and-deserializing-a-transaction">Serializing and deserializing a <code>Transaction</code></a></li><li><a href="#building-a-signed-transaction">Building a signed transaction</a></li><li><a href="#verifying-a-transactions-script-is-valid-does-not-check-if-utxo-is-valid">Verifying a transaction's script is valid (does not check if UTXO is valid)</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/favicon.ico" alt="bitcoin-s" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/en/getting-started">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/en/core/core-intro">Guides</a><a href="/api/org/bitcoins">API Reference</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="https://join.slack.com/t/suredbits/shared_invite/enQtNDEyMjY3MTg1MTg3LTYyYjkwOGUzMDQ4NDAwZjE1M2I3MmQyNWNlZjNlYjg4OGRjYTRjNWUwNjRjNjg4Y2NjZjAxYjU1N2JjMTU1YWM" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Slack</a><a href="https://gitter.im/bitcoin-s-core/">Gitter chat</a></div><div><h5>More</h5><a href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s">GitHub</a><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s" data-icon="octicon-star" data-count-href="/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s-core/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">Star</a></div></section><section class="copyright">Copyright © 2020 Suredbits &amp; the bitcoin-s developers</section></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>
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