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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s/blob/master/docs/core/hd-keys.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">HD Key Generation</h1></header><article><div><span><p>In modern Bitcoin wallets, users only need to write down
a sequence of words, and that sequence is a complete backup
of their wallet. This is thanks to what's called Hierarchical
Deterministic key generation. In short, every wallet using HD
key generation has a root seed for each wallet, and this
seed can be used to generate an arbitrary amount of later
private and public keys. This is done in a standardized manner,
so different wallets can operate with the same standard.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>If you want to jump into the details of how this work,
you should check out
<a href="https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki">BIP 32</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Bitcoin-S supports generating keys in this fashion. Here's a
full example of how to obtain a wallet seed, and then
use that to generate further private and public keys:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-scala"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> scodec.bits._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.crypto._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.hd._
<span class="hljs-comment">// the length of the entropy bit vector determine</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// how long our phrase ends up being</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// 256 bits of entropy results in 24 words</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> entropy: <span class="hljs-type">BitVector</span> = <span class="hljs-type">MnemonicCode</span>.getEntropy256Bits
<span class="hljs-comment">// entropy: BitVector = BitVector(256 bits, 0xb39105335b179bc75b1b3bc2f98a72558824b836d30dc2f827a0deff62263933)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> mnemonicCode = <span class="hljs-type">MnemonicCode</span>.fromEntropy(entropy)
<span class="hljs-comment">// mnemonicCode: MnemonicCode = Masked(MnemonicCodeImpl)</span>
mnemonicCode.words <span class="hljs-comment">// the phrase the user should write down</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// res0: Vector[String] = Vector(receive, market, error, renew, keen, together, hockey, guess, seed, slush, orient, prison, liquid, foster, swap, giant, seed, scorpion, trial, sadness, wage, basic, tooth, husband) // the phrase the user should write down</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// the password argument is an optional, extra security</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// measure. all MnemonicCode instances will give you a</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// valid BIP39 seed, but different passwords will give</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// you different seeds. So you could have as many wallets</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// from the same seed as you'd like, by simply giving them</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// different passwords.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> bip39Seed = <span class="hljs-type">BIP39Seed</span>.fromMnemonic(mnemonicCode,
password = <span class="hljs-string">"secret password"</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment">// bip39Seed: BIP39Seed = Masked(BIP39SeedImpl)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> xpriv = <span class="hljs-type">ExtPrivateKey</span>.fromBIP39Seed(<span class="hljs-type">ExtKeyVersion</span>.<span class="hljs-type">SegWitMainNetPriv</span>,
bip39Seed)
<span class="hljs-comment">// xpriv: ExtPrivateKey = Masked(ExtPrivateKeyImpl)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> xpub = xpriv.extPublicKey
<span class="hljs-comment">// xpub: ExtPublicKey = zpub6jftahH18ngZxm7szuMGGg1mZxk46iojb4ya9Smp9rNXzqj6EpBRHBTxVPDPfz9ihomPxpQqkSRbVBJDwY17V37uNiMYA5WpCDwCPi2RgHi</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// you can now use the generated xpriv to derive further</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// private or public keys</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// this can be done with BIP89 paths (called SegWitHDPath in bitcoin-s)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> segwitPath = <span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span>.fromString(<span class="hljs-string">"m/84'/0'/0'/0/0"</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment">// segwitPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/0</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// alternatively:</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> otherSegwitPath =
<span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span>(<span class="hljs-type">HDCoinType</span>.<span class="hljs-type">Bitcoin</span>,
accountIndex = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>,
<span class="hljs-type">HDChainType</span>.<span class="hljs-type">External</span>,
addressIndex = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment">// otherSegwitPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/0</span>
segwitPath == otherSegwitPath
<span class="hljs-comment">// res1: Boolean = true</span>
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="generating-new-addresses-without-having-access-to-the-private-key"></a><a href="#generating-new-addresses-without-having-access-to-the-private-key" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Generating new addresses without having access to the private key</h2>
<p>One the coolest features of HD wallets is that it's possible
to generate addresses offline, without having access to the
private keys. This feature is commonly called watch-only
wallets, where a wallet can import information about all
your past and future transactions, without being able to
spend or steal any of your money.</p>
<p>Let's see an example of this:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-scala"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> scala.util.<span class="hljs-type">Success</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.protocol.script._
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.protocol.<span class="hljs-type">Bech32Address</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.bitcoins.core.config.<span class="hljs-type">TestNet3</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// first account -------┐</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// bitcoin ----------┐ |</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// segwit --------┐ | |</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> accountPath = <span class="hljs-type">BIP32Path</span>.fromString(<span class="hljs-string">"m/84'/0'/0'"</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment">// accountPath: BIP32Path = m/84'/0'/0'</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> accountXpub = {
<span class="hljs-comment">// this key is sensitive, keep away from prying eyes!</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> accountXpriv = xpriv.deriveChildPrivKey(accountPath)
<span class="hljs-comment">// this key is not sufficient to spend from, but we</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// can generate addresses with it!</span>
accountXpriv.extPublicKey
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// accountXpub: ExtPublicKey = zpub6rsUPkH6CLypi8pcGf1Uu9DZCiWH8SMt4X6biYGbQHhaCX5BGBm9mA8fPRS64dGuXqgQBnGATUSPStG7RFAZgeakrrkH2irxBqh9QSrzK1b</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// address no. 0 ---------------┐</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// external address ----------┐ |</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> firstAddressPath = <span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span>.fromString(<span class="hljs-string">"m/84'/0'/0'/0/0"</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment">// firstAddressPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> firstAccountAddress = {
<span class="hljs-comment">// this is a bit quirky, but we're not interesting in</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// deriving the complete path from our account xpub</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// instead, we're only interested in the part after</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// the account level (3rd level). the .diff() method</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// achieves that</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> <span class="hljs-type">Some</span>(pathDiff) = accountPath.diff(firstAddressPath)
<span class="hljs-comment">// deriving public keys from hardened extended keys</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// is not possible, that's why .deriveChildPubKey()</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// returns a Try[ExtPublicKey]. A hardened key is marked</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// by a ' after the number in the notation we use above.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> <span class="hljs-type">Success</span>(extPubKey) = accountXpub.deriveChildPubKey(pathDiff)
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> pubkey = extPubKey.key
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> scriptPubKey = <span class="hljs-type">P2WPKHWitnessSPKV0</span>(pubkey)
<span class="hljs-type">Bech32Address</span>(scriptPubKey, <span class="hljs-type">TestNet3</span>)
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// firstAccountAddress: Bech32Address = tb1qccq4vzhchs23sjf9xgjlv7jyut5d9nqhhnnwh2</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// tada! We just generated an address you can send money to,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// without having access to the private key!</span>
firstAccountAddress.value
<span class="hljs-comment">// res2: String = tb1qccq4vzhchs23sjf9xgjlv7jyut5d9nqhhnnwh2</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// you can now continue deriving addresses from the same public</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// key, by imitating what we did above. To get the next</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// HD path to generate an address at:</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">val</span> nextAddressPath: <span class="hljs-type">SegWitHDPath</span> = firstAddressPath.next
<span class="hljs-comment">// nextAddressPath: SegWitHDPath = m/84'/0'/0'/0/1</span>
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="signing-things-with-hd-keys"></a><a href="#signing-things-with-hd-keys" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Signing things with HD keys</h3>
<p>Please see <a href="/docs/0.5.0/crypto/sign">sign.md</a> for information on how to sign things with HD keys.</p>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 2/11/2021 by Chris Stewart</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/0.5.0/core/addresses"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Generating Addresses</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/0.5.0/core/adding-spks"><span>Adding New Script Types</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#generating-new-addresses-without-having-access-to-the-private-key">Generating new addresses without having access to the private key</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#signing-things-with-hd-keys">Signing things with HD keys</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/favicon.ico" alt="bitcoin-s" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/en/getting-started">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/en/core/core-intro">Guides</a><a href="/api/org/bitcoins">API Reference</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="https://join.slack.com/t/suredbits/shared_invite/zt-eavycu0x-WQL7XOakzQo8tAy7jHHZUw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Slack</a><a href="https://gitter.im/bitcoin-s-core/">Gitter chat</a></div><div><h5>More</h5><a href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s">GitHub</a><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s" data-icon="octicon-star" data-count-href="/bitcoin-s/bitcoin-s-core/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">Star</a></div></section><section class="copyright">Copyright © 2022 Suredbits & the bitcoin-s developers</section></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>
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